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Fundamental laws
Introduced Imperial State Duma
Article 4- Tsar has supreme power
Article 87 - Tsar can make laws without Duma
Tsar can dissolve Duma at any time
First Duma
April
Dominated by Kadets
Wanted radical reforms
Undermined by Fundamental Laws
Second Duma
Feb → June 1907
Trudoviks = largest party
Highly critical and against oppression
Dissolved by Stolypin based on Bolshevik treason
Electoral laws
1907
Hugely reduced representation - Nobility (1%) elected 50%, Peasantry (80%) elected 25%
Violated the fundamental laws as Nicholas did not consult the Duma to do this
Nicholas’ relationship with the Dumas
Hated them a challenged autocracy
Felt forced into the situation by Witte
Clashed with leader of 3rd and 4th Guchkov due to comments on nepotism in army and influence of Rasputin
Overall
Generally continuity as Tsar retained supreme control and the elected assembly was illegitimate and N was willing to break the laws as seen by the 1907 electoral laws