Motor Control+ Learning-Motor Skills

How the neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved in the performance of a motor skill

motor control

The patterning of body and limb motions relative to each other and to the environmental objects and events

coordination

• The processes involved in acquiring motor skills and of the variables that promote or inhibit such acquisition

• Learning is a relatively permanent change in the capability to perform a skill

• the reacquisition of skills that are difficult to perform or cannot be performed because of injury or disease

motor learning

• Behavioral characteristics of specific limbs that are components of a skill

• Specific patterns of motion among joints and body segment

• Building blocks of a skill

movements

For movement to be considered a motor skill has to achieve 3 things

1. Directed towards the attainment of a _______

2. Is performed _________

3. Has been acquired by ______and_______

characteristics of skills
goal
voluntarily
experience and practice

What are the domains of skills?

motor
perceptual
cognitive

• Rewire cognition

• where and how?

• Domains of skills

motor

• Observing environment

• Domains of skills

perceptual

• Skills such as conducting math or reading

• Domains of skills

cognitive

What makes a skill a motor skill?

A motor skill requires ______ body/limb __________

voluntary

movement

The levels of skillfulness are…

novices to experts

The 3 characteristics of skilled performance and what separates the experts from the novices are…

adaptability

consistency

efficiency

• Perform well at a high difficulty

• the 3 characteristics of skilled performance

adaptability

• preserves energy in movement and thought processes, and don’t have to think to much about the action

• the 3 characteristics of skilled performance

efficiency

• some have a stable, predictable environment in which the skill is performed

  • whole body vs just hands/arms

  • continuous vs sporadic

  • fast vs slow movements

  • standing vs seated posture

classifying skills differences

• All focus attention on something specific, goal

• Performed voluntarily

• all require experience and practice

classifying skills similarities

gross motor skills to fine motor skills

classification 1______ ____ _________ _____

classification 1 size of musculature use

use of large muscles

gross motor skills

use of small muscles

fine motor skills

discrete —> serial —> continuous
classification 2 _____ ___ _________

type of movement

• clearly specified beginning and end

• Ex) Writing a letter

• classification 2

discrete

• Series of discrete movements

• Ex) Switching light on and off, playing the piano

• performing over and over again

• Classification 2

serial

• Arbitrary beginning and end

• follow cycling pattern
  Ex) Walking, swimming

• Classification 2

continuous

• Closed motor skill ←→Open motor skill

• important characteristics of environment do and do not change

• Classification 3 _________ of the _____________

stability of the environment

• Running empty track

• tennis serve

• performing a serve

• Important characteristics of the environments do not change

• Classification 3: Stability of the movement

closed motor skill

• Busy park

• soccer, everyone+everything always moving

• Responding serve

• Important characteristics of the environment do change

• Classification 3: Stability of the environment

open motor skills