chapter fourteen - terms

periosteum

outermost layer of the bone, make up of fiberous tissue

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

cancellous (spongy) bone

contains little spaces like sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone

endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

diaphysis

shaft of the long bones

epiphysis

end of each long bone

bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones

red and yellow marrow

red marrow

thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and at the ends of long bones

localization of blood cell formation

yellow marrow

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

maxilla

upper jawbone

mandible

lower jawbone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae, through which the spinal cord runs

protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides a point of attachment for ribs and muscles

cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)

first set of seven bones, forming the neck

thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12)

second set of 12 vertebrae

articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5)

third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

sacrum

next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

lamina

part of the vertebral arch

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder bone

acromion process

extension of the scapula, which forms the high point of the shoulder

sternum

breastbone

xiphoid process

lower portion of the sternum

humerus

upper arm bone

ulna and radius

lower arm bones

olecranon process

projection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

carpal bones

wrist bones

metacarpal bones

hand bones

phalanges

finger and toe bones

pelvic bone, hip bone

made up of three bones fused together

ischium, ilium, and pubis

ischium

lower, rear portion on which one sits

ilium

upper, wing-shaped part on each side

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvic bone

acetabulum

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

femur

upper leg bone

tibia and fibula

lower leg bones

patella

kneecap

tarsal bones

ankle bones

calcaneus

heel bone

metatarsal bones

foot bones

joints

hold our bones together and make movement possible (aka articulations)

articular cartilage

smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints

meniscus

crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee

intervertebral disk

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

synovia

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

bursa

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

ligament

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

tendon

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

aponeurosis

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

skeletal muscles

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. they produce action by pulling and by working in pairs (aka striated muscles)

smooth muscles

(aka unstriated muscles)

cardiac muscles

(aka myocardium)

abduction

adduction

inversion

eversion

extension

flexion

pronation

supination

rotation

ankylosing spondylitis

bunion

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Colles fracture

exostosis

fracture (fx)

gout

herniated disk

Lyme disease

muscular dystrophy (MD)

myasthenia gravis (MG)

osteoporosis

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

spinal stenosis

spondylolisthesis

chiropodist, podiatrist

chiropractic

chiropractor

crepitus

orthopedics (ortho)

orthopedist

orthotics

orthotist

osteopath

osteopathy

prosthesis