Organization design and effective unit

Organizational design and effectiveness

Structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the hr practices and info and business processes that activate those structures

span of control

refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager

unity of command principle

a structure in which each worker reports to one boss, who in turn reports to one boss

Line position

A position in the direct chain of command that is responsible for the achievement of an organization's goals

Staff position

A position intended to provide expertise, advice, and support for line positions

hierarchy of authority

An organization's chain of command, specifying the relative authority of each manager

division of labor

Occurs when the common goals are pursued by individuals performing separate but related tasks

centralized decision making

occurs when key decisions are made by top management

decentralized decision making

occurs when important decisions are made by middle and lower level managers

Solid-Line Reporting Relationship

Formal reporting relationship

Dotted line reporting relationship

informal reporting relationship

Functional, divisional, matrix, horizontal, hollow, modular, virtual

What are the different types of organizational structure?

Functional Structure

people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups

Divisional Structure

employees are segregated into organization groups based on similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions

Matrix Structure

an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical and horizontal

horizontal structure

teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common projects

hollow structure

the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster

modular structure

the company assembles product parts, components, or modules provided by external contractors

virtual structure

one whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail and other forms of information technology, yet which generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location

learning organization

An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

mechanistic organization

rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communication

organic organization

authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks

Goal accomplishment, internal processes, strategic constituencies, resource acquisition

Different types of organizational effectiveness criteria

Product Innovation

a change in the appearance or the performance of a product or a service or the creation of a new one

process innovation

a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated