Psychological Disorders Lecture Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering psychological disorders, their definitions, historical treatments, and diagnostic categories based on the David Myers lecture notes.

CON AIR

A movie cited for its depiction of antisocial personality disorder.

THE ENGLISH PATIENT

A movie cited for its depiction of acute stress disorder.

AS GOOD AS IT GETS

A movie cited for its depiction of major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

COPY CAT

A movie cited for its depiction of panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Psychological Disorders

Persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

William James

Psychologist ($1842$-$1910$) who stated that studying the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal.

Trephination

An ancient treatment for psychological disorders that involved boring holes in the skull to remove evil forces.

Philippe Pinel

A French reformer ($1745$-$1826$) who insisted madness was an ailment of the mind rather than demonic possession.

Medical Model

The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured.

DSM-5-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, newest edition (March $2022$), which describes $400$ psychological disorders.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by persistent and uncontrollable tenseness, apprehension, and autonomic arousal where the cause cannot be identified.

Panic Disorder

Marked by minutes-long episodes of intense dread, terror, chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Phobias

Disorders marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior.

Hemophobia

The phobia of blood.

Claustrophobia

The phobia of closed spaces.

Acrophobia

The phobia of heights.

Agoraphobia

The phobia of open places.

Uxoriphobia

The fear of one’s wife.

Santa Claustrophobia

The fear of getting stuck in a chimney.

Panaphobia

The fear of everything.

Phobophobia

The fear of fear.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Characterized by the persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

Observational Learning

A learning perspective theory where fear responses are inculcated by watching others show fear, such as monkeys fearing snakes.

Dissociative Disorders

Conditions where conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities; formerly multiple personality disorder.

Personality Disorders

Characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning, usually without anxiety or delusions.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A disorder (usually in men) exhibiting a lack of conscience for wrongdoing; formerly called sociopath or psychopath.

Major Depressive Disorder

Occurs when signs of depression last $2$ weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions.

Bipolar Disorder

An alternation between the emotional extremes of depression and mania; formerly called manic-depressive disorder.

Mania

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state characterized by elation, euphoria, and a desire for action.

Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale

A self-assessment tool with a range of $20$ to $80$, where scores above $70$ indicate severe depression.

Schizophrenia

Literally translated as "split mind," it refers to a split from reality characterized by disorganized thinking and disturbed perceptions.

Positive Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

The presence of inappropriate behaviors, such as hallucinations or disorganized talking.

Negative Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

The absence of appropriate behaviors, such as expressionless faces or rigid bodies.

Flat Affect

A symptom of schizophrenia where a person shows no emotion at all.

Catatonia

A state in which a schizophrenic patient may remain motionless for hours or continually rub an arm or rock a chair.