H A&P : Everything You Need To Know for Exam 1

Parasagittal

separates off the midline.

Receptor

receive information from the body, sends to control center.

Midsagittal

separates equally left and right.

Anatomical position

the body standing tall and erect, facing forward, palms by your side, facing up, and feet hip width apart.

Effector

puts the message from the brain esponse.

Homeostasis

balance of the body

Control center

process the signals, sends instructions (brain)

Sutural

bone in skull.

External callus

prevents bone from breaking in the same place again.

Osteocyte

mature bone cell.

Endochondral ossification

from within the cartilage, we create bone.

diaphysis

In the medullary cavity, contains blood vessels.

Osteon

has a central canal which contains blood vessels.

Epiphyseal plate

room for the bone to grow.

Ossification

to make bone.

Cartilage

does not have blood vessels.

Epiphyseal line

bone stopped growing, no room for bone to grow.

Osteocytes

mature bone cell

Anatomical position

the body standing tall and erect, facing forward, palms by your side, facing up, and feet hip width apart

Planes of the body

dividing the body

Transverse

top to bottom

Frontal

front to back

Sagittal

left to right

Midsagittal

separates equally left and right

Parasagittal

separates right and left but off the midline

Right hypochondriac

right upper

Left hypochondriac

left upper

Top middle

epigastric (around)

Right middle

right lumbar

Left middle

left lumbar

Middle

umbilical region

Right lower

right inguinal

Middle bottom

hypogastric

Organ

Viscera

Cavity

parietal

Serous membrane that covers the lung

Visceral Pleura

Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

Parietal Pleura

Serous membrane that covers the heart

Visceral Pericardium

Serous membrane that lines the heart cavity

Parietal Pericardium

Serous membrane that covers the digestive organs

Visceral Peritoneum

Serous membrane that lines digestive cavity

Parietal Peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

behind the peritoneum (kidneys)

Receptor

receive information from the body, sends to control center

Control center

process the signals, sends instructions (brain)

Effector

puts the message from the brain into effect, response

Shaft

diaphysis

Ends of the bone

epiphysis

Coverings of the bone

periosteum

In the diaphysis

medullary cavity, contains blood vessels

Inside lining of the medullary cavity

endosteum

Section where diaphysis and epiphysis meet

metaphysis

Sinus

a chamber within the bone filled with air

Tuberosity

bump

Foramen

an opening

Sesamoid

patella

Irregular

vertebrae

Long bone

phalanges

Sutural

bone in skull

Flat

sternum

Osteogenic cell

bone stem cell

Osteoblasts

build

Osteoclasts

carve

Osteocytes

mature bone cell

osteon

Structural unit of a bone

blood vessels

Osteon has a central canal which contains

lamellae

circles around the osteon

lacunae

Spaces/pockets within the cell

osteocyte

Inside the lacunae

Ossification

to make bone

Endochondral ossification

from within the cartilage, we create bone

Cartilage

does not have blood vessels

Blood vessels penetrate the...

cartilage

Primary ossification center

where the creation of bone starts happening

Secondary ossification center

bringing it towards the end of the bones

Epiphyseal plate

room for the bone to grow

Epiphyseal line

bone stopped growing, no room for bone to grow

Remodeling

continual process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity

Extra padding of bone around the fracture site

external callus

External callus

prevents bone from breaking in the same place again