Final Exam EBP

What is assessment?

A process of collecting and interpreting information to make clinical decisions.

What is validity?

Whether a test measures what it claims to measure.

What is reliability?

Whether results are consistent and replicable.

What are the three purposes of assessment?

Diagnosis, eligibility, and measuring progress.

What are the three components of Evidence-Based Practice?

External scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and client perspectives.

What are the 5 principles of a good assessment?

Thorough, multiple sources, valid, reliable, individualized.

What are the seven steps of assessment?

Gather history, interview, oral mechanism exam, evaluate function, screen hearing, analyze findings, share findings.

What is a norm-referenced assessment?

A standardized assessment comparing a client to peers.

What is a criterion-referenced assessment?

Measures mastery of specific skills.

What is an authentic assessment?

Real-world observation and performance.

What is the mean standard score on most assessments?

100

What is the standard deviation on most assessments?

15

What score range is within normal limits?

85-115

What score is considered 1.5 standard deviations below the mean?

77

What is the purpose of an orofacial examination?

To identify structural or functional issues related to communication or swallowing.

What materials are needed for an oral mechanism exam?

Gloves, flashlight, mirror, tongue depressor, sucker.

What are universal precautions?

Infection-control procedures to reduce exposure to disease.

What should you observe on the face during assessment?

Symmetry, abnormal movements, mouth breathing.

What is Bell’s Palsy?

Temporary unilateral facial paralysis.

What does TMJD stand for?

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder.

What is an Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder (OMD)?

A pattern involving oral/orofacial muscles that interferes with function or growth.

What is tongue thrust?

A type of OMD.

What professionals may be on the OMD team?

Dentist, orthodontist, ENT, SLP, PT, physician.

What should be observed with dentition?

Missing teeth, arrangement, hygiene, dentures.

What is a Class I malocclusion?

Normal bite with misaligned teeth.

What is a Class II malocclusion?

Upper jaw positioned too far forward.

What is a Class III malocclusion?

Lower jaw protrudes and may affect anterior speech sounds.

What lip tasks are commonly used in assessment?

Pucker, smile, puff cheeks.

What is assessed during tongue examination?

ROM, symmetry, strength, movement, size, frenum.

What is aphasia?

Loss of language due to brain injury.

What commonly causes aphasia?

Stroke.

What can right hemisphere syndrome affect?

Attention, emotions, pragmatics, memory, executive functioning.

What areas are included in neurogenic assessment?

History, vision/hearing, motor speech, expressive/receptive language.

What is perseveration?

Inappropriate repetition of a response.

What screening tools are commonly used for cognition?

MOCA, MMSE, SLUMS.

What is apraxia?

A motor planning disorder.

What is dysarthria?

A motor speech disorder caused by muscle weakness or incoordination.

What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?

A motor-based speech disorder.

What disorders commonly co-occur with CAS?

Phonological disorders, expressive language delay, autism, Down syndrome, dysarthria.

What assessments are used for TBI?

Glasgow Coma Scale, Rancho Levels, FAVRES.

What is dementia?

Impairment in cognitive functioning.

What should be considered during dementia assessment?

Hearing, vision, depression, medications.

What language areas are assessed in child language evaluation?

Semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, narrative, pragmatics.

What additional areas may be assessed for child language?

Hearing, cognition, literacy, play, oral motor.

What formula is used to calculate percentage delay?

(Chronological Age – Developmental Age) ÷ Chronological Age × 100

What standard score typically represents a 25% delay?

77 or lower

What does the Rossetti assess?

Interaction, pragmatics, gesture, play, comprehension, expression.

Is the Rossetti norm-referenced or criterion-referenced?

Criterion-referenced

What age range does the Rossetti assess?

birth-36 months

What are Bayley Growth Score Values (GSVs)?

Scores used to track growth over time.

What is dysphagia?

A swallowing disorder.

What are common signs of dysphagia?

Coughing, choking, gagging, wet voice, food loss, congestion.

What is the greatest concern with dysphagia after stroke?

Aspiration pneumonia

What does HE stand for during swallowing?

Hyolaryngeal excursion

What is FEES?

Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing.

What is MBSS?

Modified Barium Swallow Study.

What swallow screening tools should you know?

FOIS, Yale Swallow Protocol, EAT-10, SWOL-QOL, DHI.

What is an articulation disorder?

Difficulty producing speech sounds.

What is a phonological disorder?

Difficulty organizing speech sounds into patterns.

What are the three components of voice?

Pitch, quality, loudness.

What is dysphonia?

Faulty phonation.

What is aphonia?

Absence of phonation.

What are the four types of voice disorders?

Functional, neurogenic, psychogenic, structural/organic.

What is muscle tension dysphonia?

The most common functional voice disorder.