Paper 3 Geography

What is Primary Data?

Data that you collect first hand

What is Secondary Data?

Data published by someone else, it helps to balance the data you have collected yourself

What is Quantitative Data?

objective data which comes from taking measurements and including statistics e.g pebble size

What is Qualitative data?

subjective data which comes from asking opinions, taking photos or making sketches

What is random sampling?

Samples that are chosen without any pattern e.g every object has an equal chance of being selected

What is systematic sampling?

means having a system to collect data e.g every 10cm across a river

What is stratified sampling?

a sample made up of different parts e.g selecting different pebble sizes from a river so that you include a whole rang of sizes

What quantitative data was used in the human fieldwork investigation?

land use survey, pedestrian count, gum sampling, decibel reading and bin count

What quantitative data was used in the physical fieldwork investigation?

groyne height measurements, measuring sand accumulation, measuring sediment size

What qualitative data was used in the physical fieldwork investigation?

Bi-polar evaluation of sea defences e.g rock armour and sea wall, satellite images, and annotated field sketch of the groynes and the area of beach beyond the groynes

What qualitative data was used in the human fieldwork investigation?

transport survey, and bi-polar survey of different areas

What is the title of physical fieldwork investigation?

How effective is coastal management at Hornsea?

What is the title of the human fieldwork investigation?

Is Beverley a sustainable successful market town?

Why was Hornsea used for the physical fieldwork?

It has the fastest eroding coastline in Europe with a large variety of coastal defences with many facilities and is close to Beverley itself, with safe beach access

Why was Beverley used for the human fieldwork?

Beverley is nearby meaning it was cost effective as we walked and it was easily accessible.

Is Beverley a sustainable successful market town?

High charity and vacant shop numbers show a struggle to get high value shops and therefore labels Beverley as unsuccessful

What are the advantages of qualitative data?

It helps to provide context and is very detailed

What are the disadvantages of qualitative data?

Time consuming to collect

What are the advantages of quantitative data?

it is easy to put into categories and rank order

What are the disadvantages of quantitative data?

Lack of context from lack of detail, it’s just numbers

Advantages of Primary Data

you collect exactly what you yourself need and is reliable unless you’ve done it incorrectly

Disadvantages of Primary Data

time consuming, and the data you collect could be incorrect

Advantages of Secondary Data

already exists and is easily available

Disadvantages of Secondary Data

has been collected by someone else, it could be bias, out of date or overwhelming, the other person could have collected it wrong

Advantages of Random sampling

avoids bias as it is random and easy to carry out

Disadvantages of random sampling

data will not be evenly distributed, and there could be areas missed and sites may be difficult to access

advantages of stratified sampling

a good coverage of data and areas so results are more representative and can be used with other sampling techniques and is easily comparable

disadvantages of stratified sampling

area must be researched before, and bias can be introduced as you have choice

advantages of systematic sampling

evenly distributed and more straight forward, good coverage is ensured

disadvantages of systematic sampling

could be biased if there is not an equal chance of selection and many not be representative of an area on the whole.

Random sampling in Beverley

gum sample, threw the quadrat randomly (bias of when and where to throw quadrat however) and transport survey (potential bias of which pedestrians to ask), bin count is based on gum sample,

Stratified sampling in Beverley

transport survey asked equal in each area of CBD and Flemingate, decibel reading did the same and the same with Gum count same with Bin count

Systematic sampling Beverley

land use survey, transport survey ask a wide range, pedestrian count

Systematic sampling in Hornsea

sand accumulation, sediment size

stratified sampling hornsea

visual impact field sketches and bi-polar evaluation of impact

random sampling hornsea

bi-polar evaluation, picked a random part of the defences to survey

secondary data beverley

maps of CBD and Flemingate

secondary data Hornsea

satellite image (out of date and black and white)

Strengths of bar charts

easily comparable, estimates made quickly and trends are easier to identify

Weaknesses of bar charts

hard to be accurate depending on scale, scales can be manipulated to give false impressions, requires additional explanations

strengths of radar diagrams (hornsea)

easily comparable and easy to see patterns

weaknesses of radar diagrams

based on opinions (bipolar data), can get confusing with multiple data sets, hard to spot anomalies, can be used for different types of data