SG QUIZ 2 FUNDS

Class 3 Class 4

What is acute pain?

Acute: short term (less than 6 months)

Identifiable cause

Self limiting

Self protective

Responds to treatment of underlying cause

Severe, intensive, but usually short in duration

What is chronic pain?

Long term: (6+ months)

Pain usually comes and goes

Remissions and exacerbations

Malignant vs nonmalignant

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element?

Provocation/Palliation

Quality

Region or Radiation

Severity Scale

Timing

You (U)

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? P (PROVOCATION/PALLIATION)

What makes your pain worse? What makes it better?

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? Q (QUALITY)

What does it feel like?

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? R (REGION or RADIATION)

Show me where you hurt. Does it stay there or does it spread somewhere else?

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? S (SEVERITY)

Please rate your pain from 0 to 10. 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the worst possible pain, how bad is your pain right now?

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? T (TIMING)

Is your pain constant,

What is PQRSTU and how would assess each element? U (UNDERSTANDING)

What do you think is causing the pain? What are you not able to do because of your pain?

What are the special considerations in assessing pain in patients with cultural differences? How about with the older adult?

• One study found that all three scales were easily used in a culturally diverse sample

• Consider influence of culture on the expression of pain, including patient behaviors or coping responses

• Varies according to cultural background, age, education, race, religious beliefs, and familial factors

What are the different pain scales and when would you each one?

Numeric Rating Scale: Cognitively intact adults

Verbal Descriptor Scale: “Would you please describe your pain for me, from ‘no pain’ to ‘mild,’ ‘moderate,’ ‘severe,’ or ‘pain as bad as it could be’?”

Faces Pain Rating Scale:

• A visual scale on which patients choose the depiction of a facial expression that best corresponds with their pain.

• “Would you please look at this card and point to the face that best represents the level of pain you are experiencing now?

How would you intervene for each pain level?

1 to 3 → Mild Pain

4 to 6 → Moderate pain

7 to 10 → Severe pain

Interventions

1 to 6 pain: Assess PQRTU

• Assess PQRTU mnemonic

• Then ask…. “At what level would you like your pain to be when you’re moving around?”

• Report to your nurse or clinical faculty your patient’s response to this question AND the number they currently rate their pain

Over 7 Pain: Assess Q & R

• Quality (Q) Ask “How would you describe your pain?*

• Region or Radiation Ask “Show me where you hurt. Does it stay there & does it spread somewhere else?*

• Then immediately instructor. report the QRS of pain to your nurse or clinical

What are nonverbal pain behaviors for acute and chronic pain?

Acute Behaviors: Intense

• Guarding, grimacing

• Vocalizations such as moaning, agitation, restlessness, stillness

• Diaphoresis (profuse sweating)

• Change in vital signs: Increases in HR, BP, RR

Chronic Behaviors:

• Bracing, rubbing

• Diminished activity

• Fatigue

• Depression & hopelessness

• Change in appetite

• Weight loss or gain

• Sighing

• Insomnia

• Anger

What pain scale do we use for those who are not able to communicate their pain?

• A visual scale on which patients choose the depiction of a facial expression that best corresponds with their pain.

• “Would you please look at this card and point to the face that best represents the level of pain you are experiencing now

What is the purpose of a psychosocial assessment?

• Evaluation of one’s mental health and social well-being

  • A collection of subjective data

  • Can also include the use of screening tools for mental health or cognitive disorders

What are the key elements of a psychosocial assessment? What kind of data is collected? What tools/screening instruments can be used in a psychosocial assessment?

PHQ2 or 9 GAD: Psychiatric and Psychological History

CAGE: Alcoholism Screening

AS: Suicide Risk Screening Tool

HITS: Screening for Domestic Violence

What is the nursing process and what are its components? What are the steps of the nursing process?

ADPIE (refer to diagram)

Assess

Diagnose

Planning

Implement

Evaluate

What is the purpose of assessing fluid balance? What are the 3 processes