Chapter 3 APUSH Study Guide

Martin Luther

Leader of Protestantism. Nailed his 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. Believed that people are saved by faith alone and that the Bible was the only source of God's word.

John Calvin

leader of Calvinism which stressed Predestination

Predestination

belief stating that those going to heaven or hell was already predetermined by God

Conversions

signs that were expected of Calvinists to indicate if they were one of the predestined, or "elect", after this they were expected to lead sanctified lives

Puritans

people who wanted to completely reform/purify the Church of England

Visible Saint

only people allowed to enter Puritan congregations

John Winthrope

governor of Bible Commonwealth who helped Massachusetts succeed in trading fur, fish, and shipbuilding

Anne Hutchinson

lady who was banned from the Bible Commonwealth due to her belief in "antinomianism", family settled Rhode Island colony

Antinomianism

belief that Christians are not bound by moral law

Roger Williams

idealist who hounded fellow clergymen to break from the Church of England, banished from Bible Commonwealth, helped settle Rhode Island colony

Quakers

faith based religion named because its members "quaked" with emotion, pacifists, settled Pennsylvania

William Penn

well-born Englishman who embraced the Quaker faith and founded Pennsylvania

Massasoit

Chief of Wampanoags

the "elect"

people God decided to save in predestination

Massachusetts Bay Company

settled group of wealthy Puritans who were given a charter, became one of the busiest New England outposts

Congregational Court

Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy

calling

Protestant belief that saved individuals have religious obligation to engage in worldly work, believed in the calling to do God's work on Earth

commonwealth

organized civil government or social order

autocratic

absolute or dictorial rule

proprietary

concerning exclusive legal ownership, as of colonies granted to individuals by the monarch

Peter Stuyvesant

Governor of New Netherland

Separatists

group of Puritans appalled by the idea of sharing church with the "damned"

Plymouth Colony

placed where Pilgrims decided to build their colony, outside of Virginia domain-Pilgrims became squatters, friendly with Wampanoags at first

Mayflower Contract

simple agreement to form crude government-first government of America

Bible Commonwealth

Christian political group who controlled the Bay Colony

Rhode Island Colony

religious tolerance, most liberal colony, housed exiles and refugees from other colonies

Connecticut River Colony

founded by Puritans, democratic, housed judges who sentenced Charles II to death

New England Confederation

defense against foes (Natives, French, and Dutch), persecuting runaway servants, each colony had two votes, essentially Puritan exclusive club

who was in New England Confederation

Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and various scattered Connecticut colonies

Pennsylvania Colony

best advertised colony, liberal land policy, heavy immigration, no slavery,

Middle Colonies

fertile soil, large rivers, many industries (lumber and fishing), trade point between North and South Colonies, melting pots