IDC Pharmacology/kinetics 1-60

Acetylcysteine/ Mucomyst, Mucosil, Acetadote

Antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and enhances nitric oxide by combining with it to form S nitrosothiol, a potent vasodialator

Acyclovir/Zovirax

Interfere with viral replication by acting as a false nucleotide in DNA chains

Adenosine/ Adenocard & Adenoscan

Produces electrophysiologic changes by stimulating adenosine sensitive potassium channels in the atrial and sinoatrial node, causing an outward flow of potassium from the cardia myocytic membrane which induces sinus bradycardia. This hyperpolarizes atrial tissues reducing the duration of atrial action potential.

Alteplase, Recombinant/ Activase

Thrombolytic agent made by using recombinant DNA to form human tissue type plasminogen activator. Promotes the formation of plasmin which is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down fibrin.

Amikacin Sulfate/ Amikin

Bactericidal by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by irreversibly binging to 30S ribosomal subunits. Active against most aerobic gram positive and some negative.

Amiodarone/ Cordarone

Class III antiarrthymic with primary mech of being a lengtheing of the cardia action potential. Shows some noncompetitive alpha and beta blocking capabilities class I and class II and negative chronotropic effects class IV.

Amphotericin B/ Fungizone & Amphocin

Antifungal antibiotic produced by streptomyces nodosus. Exerts by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane.

Ampicillin Sodium/ Principen

Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis via acylation of the transpeptidase enzyme. Active against gram positive and gram negative

Ampicillin Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium/ Unisyn

Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis via acylation of the transpeptidase enzyme. It is active against many anaerobic, gram negative, gram positive. Sulbactam inhibits beta lactamase penicillinase.

Atropine/ Atropen, Isotpto Atrpine, Sal Atropine

Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the CNS. Increases cardiac output dries secretions, antagonizes histamine and serotonin.

Azithromycin/ Zithromax

Binds to the 50 S ribosomal subunit of bacteria thereby suppressing protein syntheisis.

Aztreonam/ Azactam

Inhibits bacteria wall synthesis. Active against gram negative bacteria. Little to not activity gram positive.

Bumetanide/ Bumex

Acts on the ascending limb of the loop of henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption.

Buprenorphine HCL/ Bupernex

Partial agonist mu-opiod receptor and antagonist of kappa opiod receptor.

Butorphanol Tartrate/ Stadol

Opiate analgesis and antagonist effects from interaction with an opiate receptor in the CNS. Competitive inhibition at this opiate receptor.

Caspofungin/ Cancidas

Inhibits synthesis of beta (1, 3) D glucan an essential componet of the cell wall of fungi.

Cefazolin Sodium/ Ancef

1st Generation semisynthetic cephalosporin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Cefepime/ Maxipime

Inhibits of mucopeptide syntheis in the bacterial cell wall.

Cefotaxime Sodium/ Claforan

Inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.

Ceftriaxone Sodium/ Rocefen

Inhbits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall

Cefuroxime Sodium/ Cefitn & Zinacef

Broad spectrum cephalosporin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Chlorpromazine HCL/ Thorazine

Inhibits apomorphine induced vomiting and directly effects the chemoreceptor trigger zone CTZ by blocking dopamine receptors.

Cidofovir/ Vistide

Suppress CMV replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.

Ciprofloxacin/ Cipro

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyraze enzyme which prevents bacterial replicaton.

Cisplatin/ Platinol

Binds with DNA to form instrastrand corsslinks that cause changes in confirmation of DNA, which affects DNA replication and results in cell death.

Clindamycin Phosphate/ Cleocin

Inhibits protein syntesis by binging to 50S ribosomal subunits.

Dantrolene/ Dantrium

Acts directly on skeletal muscle by interfering with release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Prevents or reduces the increase in mycoplasimic calcium ion concentration that activates the acute catabolic processes.

Daptomycin/ Cubincin

Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that caues a rapid depolarization of the bacterial membrane potential and results in cell death due to inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA.

Darbepoetin Alfa/ Aransep

Erythropoeisis stimulating protein made in chinese hamster ovary cells by recombinant DNA technology.

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate/ Decadron, Hexadrol, Datalone

Depress HPA which in turn suppress imunne response and promotes antiinflamatory activity.

Diazempam/ Valium

Inhibition of GABA receptors.

Digoxin/ Lanoxin

Direct action on the force and velocity of myocardial systolic contractions. THis increases cardiac outpuse and reduces HR and causes diuresis in edematous patients

Diltiazem HCL/ Cardiem

Inhbits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells without changing serum calcium concetrations

Diphendhydramin HCL/ Benadryl

Competitively antagonizes the effectsof histamine at H1 receptor sites to prevent smooth muscle stimulation in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels and bronchial muscle.

Dobutamine/ Dobutrex

Selective beta 1 adrenergic agonist.

Dolasetron/ Amzemet

Blocks serotoni both peripherally and centrally at the chemorectpor trigger zone.

Dopamine HCL/ Intorpin

Direct stimulatory effect on beta 1 adrenergic receptors but has some indirect effect by causing norepinephrine to be release from storage sites.

Doripenem/ Dorbiax

Semisynthetic carbapenem which inhibits cell wall formation, facilitates cell lysis. Inhibits the 34d and final stage of bacterial cell synthesis

Doxycycline Hyclate/ Vibramycin

Exerts action by reversibly binding to the 30S and 50S ribosomal units. Bacteriostatic

Droperidol/ Inasipine

Acts within the CNS at subcortical levels and exhibits a strong sedative effect and inhibits postganglionic alpha adrenergic recepotr sites to produce antiemetic but not analgesic actions

Drotrecogin Alfa/ Xigris

Inhibits factors VA and VIIIa limiting thrombotic effects.

Enalaprilat/Vasotic

Prevents the conversion of angioitension 1 to angiotension II through the inhibition of ACE.

Enoxaparin Sodium/ Lovenox

LWMH Anti factor XA and anti thrombin or antifactor IIA

Epinephrine HCL/ Adrenalin, Epipen

Directly stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors stimulates beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the heart resulting in vacocontriction and cardiac stimulations. Relaxes bronchial smooth muslce by stimulation of beta 2 adernergic receptors to reverse bronchospasm and reduce pulmonary edema.

Epoetin Alfa/ Epogen, Procrit

Induces the productions and differentiation of erythrocytes .

Ertapenem/ Invanz

Carbapenem antibiotic with bacteriocidal activity against gram postivie and negative. Inhibits cell wall synthesis.

Erythromic lactobionate/ Erythrocin

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits.

Esomeprazole/ Nexium

suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibtit of the H+/K+- ATPase in the gastric parietal cells

Famotidine/Pepcid

Inhbits the actions of histamine on the H2 recepotors of parietal cells redcuing gastric acid secretion and concentration under daytime and nocturnal based condintions

Fentanyl/ Sublimaze

Opiate agonist exerts effects on sites of CNS.

Filgrastim/ Neupogen

Exerts its hematopoietic effects by binding to neutrophil progenitor target cells that act to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils with the bone marrow and other sites.

Fluconazole/Diflucan

Fungistatic action due to an increase in cellular membrane permeability of the fungi leading to leakage of essential intracellular contents

Foscarent/ Fosavir

Pyrophosphate analogue that act as a noncompetive inhibitor of viral RNA and DNA polmerases as well as HIV reverse transcriptase

Fosphenytoin Sodium/ Cerebex

Converts in a mmol pheytoin. Increases the extrusion of sodium ions from neurons and cardiac myocytes. Produces stabilization of excitable membrane to repititvie stimuli. Primary site of aciton motor cortex.

Furosemide/ Lasix

Inhibits the reabsorption of electrolytes in the acending limb of the loop of HENLE. Decrease reabsopriton of sodium and chloride, increases potassium secreation.

Ganciclovir Sodium/Cytovene

Interfere with viral replicaiton by acting as false nucleotide in DNA chains.

Gatifloxacin/ Tequin

DNA gyrase inhibitor. Prevents DNA replication and transcripiton

Gentamicin/ Garamycin

Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribsomal unit.

Granisetron/ Kytril

Selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist blocking serotonin.

Haloperidol/ Haldol

Central antidopaminergic action and weak anticholinergic action at the subortical level of the brain and through inhibition of catecholamine receptors.