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220 Terms
What are hospitals often described as?
Hospitals are like communities within communities.
What need do hospitals serve?
Hospitals serve a community need.
Who staffs hospitals?
Hospitals are staffed by many types of workers.
What does a hospital mission statement define?
It defines the purpose of the hospital’s existence.
What does the mission statement provide?
It provides guidance in community service.
Who is committed to the hospital mission?
All hospital staff are committed to accomplishing the mission.
What is organizational structure in a hospital?
The levels of management within a hospital.
Why are levels of management important in a hospital?
They allow efficient management of departments.
What does hospital organizational structure help employees understand?
It helps them understand the chain of command.
How are large hospitals usually structured?
Large hospitals usually have complex organizational structures.
How are smaller hospitals usually structured?
Smaller hospitals tend to have simpler organizational structures.
Who governs a hospital?
The board of directors or governing board.
What does the hospital board do?
It oversees hospital operations, policies, budgets, equipment, facilities, and staff.
Who approves large purchases and budgets in a hospital?
The hospital board.
Who is authorized by law to operate a hospital?
The governing board or board of directors.
Who is the CEO accountable to?
The CEO is accountable to the hospital board.
Who are hospital divisions and departments accountable to?
They are accountable to the CEO or president.
What does the CEO help ensure?
The CEO helps ensure coordination and quality patient care and services.
What are assistant administrators?
They are experts in hospital management.
What are department chiefs or supervisors?
They are experts in the departments they manage.
What do department chiefs help develop?
They develop budgets and request major purchases.
What are departments in a hospital?
Units of the hospital with specific functions or specialized skills.
How are hospital departments usually grouped?
They are grouped by similarity of duties.
What are common hospital department categories?
Administrative, informational, therapeutic, diagnostic, support services, and medical staff.
What do informational services do?
They process information and documentation.
What departments are included in informational services?
Admissions, billing and collection, medical records, computer information systems, health education, and human resources.
What do therapeutic services provide?
They provide treatment to patients.
What departments are included in therapeutic services?
Nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, medical psychology, social services, pharmacy, dietary, and sports medicine.
What does the pharmacy department do?
It dispenses medications.
What do diagnostic services do?
They determine the cause of illness or injury.
What departments are included in diagnostic services?
Medical imaging, medical laboratory, and emergency medicine.
What do support services do?
They provide support for the entire hospital.
What departments are included in support services?
Central supply, biomedical technology, housekeeping, and maintenance.
Who is part of the medical staff?
Physicians, residents, interns, referring physicians, attending physicians, radiologists, and specialists.
What is a resident?
A doctor who has completed a bachelor’s degree and medical school and is in a 3 to 4 year training program.
What is an intern?
A first-year resident.
What is a referring physician?
The physician who sends or refers a patient for care, often the primary care provider.
What is an attending physician?
A doctor employed by a clinic or hospital, also called a staff physician.
What is a radiologist?
A doctor who specializes in diagnosis using medical imaging.
What are the two main types of physicians?
Medical doctors, called MDs, and doctors of osteopathy, called DOs.
What education do MDs and DOs complete?
They complete a bachelor’s degree with a science major and 4 years of medical school.
How is osteopathy different from medicine?
DOs are taught manipulation of muscles and bones as part of healing.
What do both MDs and DOs need to practice?
Both need a state license.
What happens after medical school?
Physicians complete residency training in a specialty area.
How long is residency usually?
Residency is usually 3 to 4 years.
What is medical staff?
A formal organization of physicians with hospital privileges, bylaws, officers, committees, and organized activities.
How can radiologists work with hospitals?
They may work by contract or as paid employees.
What is a technologist?
A person skilled in a practical art.
What is a technician?
A person who performs procedures requiring attention to technical detail.
What is a therapist?
A person who carries out treatments to improve or correct body function.
What does radiology department organization depend on?
It depends on the size and scope of the department.
What does a radiology department often include?
It often includes subdepartments and support services.
Who usually leads the radiology department?
The administrative director.
What are examples of radiology subdepartments?
General radiology, sonography, women’s imaging, interventional imaging, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, PET, and radiation therapy.
Who does the administrative director of radiology usually report to?
Upper hospital administration.
What skills does the administrative director of radiology need?
Strong business management skills.
Does the administrative director of radiology have to be a radiologic technologist?
Not necessarily.
Who does the administrative director work closely with?
The medical director of radiology.
What qualifications does a medical director usually have?
An MD or DO degree with board certification in radiology.
What is the medical director’s main responsibility?
Overseeing the quality of patient care.
What policies may the medical director help develop?
Procedural policies within the department.
What does RIS stand for?
Radiology Information System.
What does PACS stand for?
Picture Archiving Communication System.
How does radiology fit into the hospital environment?
It supports diagnosis, clinical decisions, screening, procedures, emergency care, teamwork, education, and research.
What is a professional attitude in healthcare?
A professional attitude includes appearance, teamwork, customer service, communication, confidentiality, empathy, and ethical behavior.
What does empathy mean?
Empathy means understanding another person’s feelings or situation.
Is empathy the same as sympathy?
No. Empathy is understanding, while sympathy may involve reacting emotionally.
What are examples of professional behavior?
Following a code of ethics, respecting patient rights, and understanding legal issues.
Who discovered x-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
When was Wilhelm Roentgen born?
March 27, 1845.
Where did Roentgen work?
He was head of physics at the University of Wurzburg.
When did Roentgen discover x-rays?
November 8, 1895.
What substance fluoresced during Roentgen’s experiment?
Barium platino-cyanide.
Why did Roentgen call them x-rays?
Because the rays were unknown.
What did metallic objects create on the fluorescent screen?
They created a shadow.
When did Roentgen submit his paper?
December 28, 1895.
Who was in the first known x-ray image?
Roentgen’s wife’s hand.
When did Roentgen receive the Nobel Prize in Physics?
1901.
By what date had Belgians started placing x-ray equipment in hospitals?
By February 1, 1896.
By June 1896, what was diagnosed using x-rays?
A stomach tumor.
What did Thomas Edison contribute to imaging?
He used calcium tungstate screens instead of barium platino-cyanide.
What did fluoroscopy allow people to do?
It allowed them to see an image immediately instead of developing a photographic plate.
Who were the first medical imagers?
Physicists and physicians.
Who was the first technologist in America?
AA Campbell Swint.
What happened to a patient after being x-rayed for a bullet in the skull?
The patient’s hair fell out but later grew back.
What were x-rays once used for besides medical diagnosis?
They were used for hair removal, shoe fitting, dental imaging, and shrinking infected tonsils.
Why did shoe-fitting fluoroscopes decline?
People realized x-rays could be harmful.
What cancer risk was linked to using x-rays to shrink tonsils?
Thyroid cancer.
What does radiologic science offer as a career?
It offers many career paths and specialty areas.
What is often the starting point for radiologic science careers?
A general radiography background.
What do specialty imaging areas usually require?
Additional education and certification.
What should students start on the first day of classes?
A professional portfolio.
What can be included in a professional portfolio?
Professional organization work, community service, letters, certifications, health requirements, and clinic notes.
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
What are important course topics besides imaging?
Patient communication, patient history, patient care, ethics, legal issues, and medication reconciliation.