Acids and Bases

Flashcards covering key concepts of acids and bases, their properties, reactions, and uses.

What is an acid?

A substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

What are the properties of an acid?

Acids have a sour taste, dissolve in water to form solutions that conduct electricity, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH value less than 7.

What are strong acids?

Strong acids are acids in which all the molecules become ions in water, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.

What is a weak acid?

A weak acid is one in which only a few acid molecules become ions in water.

What is the chemical reaction between acids and metals?

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas.

What do acids produce when they react with carbonates?

Salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

What is the general reaction between an acid and a base?

Acid + Base → Salt + Water.

What is an alkali?

A base that is soluble in water.

What are some common alkalis?

Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide, Barium Hydroxide, Aqueous Ammonia.

What are the uses of sulfuric acid?

Used in detergents and car batteries.

What is the pH level of acids?

pH value is less than 7.

What happens when alkalis react with ammonium salts?

They produce ammonia gas, water, and salt.

What is the formula for sodium chloride formed from hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate?

Sodium carbonate + Dilute hydrochloric acid → Sodium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

What is the significance of water in acidity?

Water allows acids to dissociate into hydrogen ions and salt, which are responsible for acidic properties.

What color does red litmus paper turn in the presence of a base?

It turns blue.

What is the pH of strong alkalis?

pH value greater than 7.