Biology 1 Chapter 2 Vocab

Proton

positively charged particles

Neutron

particles with no charge

Electron

negatively charged particle

Nucleus

structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom serving as an identifier for each chemical element

Isotope

one of several forms of a single element, which has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Ion

atom that has a positive or negative charge

Compound

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportion

Ionic bond

a chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Covalent bond

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Solvent

dissolving substance in a solution

Solute

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Solution

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Cohesion

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Adhesion

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

pH scale

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentrating of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

Products

elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Reactants

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Lipids

macro molecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes oils, fats, and waxes

Carbohydrates

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of nutrition for the body

Nucleic acids

macro molecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Proteins

macro molecule that contains carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair