Master - Veb Programiranje

What is HTTP?

HyperText Transfer Protocol - network protocol for communication between server and client using request/response principle

HTTP 200 code means

Successful request

HTTP 301 code means

Address permanently changed

HTTP 302 code means

Temporary redirect (replaced by 303 and 307)

HTTP 303 code means

Response to request is at another URI address

HTTP 307 code means

Temporary redirect

HTTP 308 code means

Repeat request and all future requests using new address

HTTP 400 code means

Bad request

HTTP 401 code means

Unauthorized

HTTP 403 code means

Forbidden access

HTTP 404 code means

Page not found

HTTP 500 code means

Internal server error

HTTP 501 code means

Server does not recognize request or cannot execute it

HTTP 503 code means

Server currently unavailable

HTTP request consists of

"Header

HTTP header describes

"Request nature: request type (GET/POST)

HTTP response contains

Request status and header (same structure as request header)

GET method - server delivers

Resources at selected URI address to client

POST method sends

Data placed in request body to server

HEAD method requests

"Only header

PUT method

Places information at specified location

DELETE method

Deletes marked resource on web server

CONNECT method

Establishes connection but does not interact

OPTIONS method

Returns list of supported methods for requested address

TRACE method

Checks path to destination and identifies potential critical points

PATCH method

Modifies information at specified location

For computers to exchange data they must use

Same protocols

URL parameter segment is marked with

Question mark (?)

URL parameters use format

Key=value pairs separated by ampersand (&)

For virtual domain: modify these files

hosts file (OS) and httpd-vhosts.conf (Apache)

Virtual domain IP address is

127.0.0.1 (localhost)

What is a router in web applications?

Process of using URL addresses to activate desired web application functionalities

HTML stands for

HyperText Markup Language

HTML is case sensitive?

No (but convention writes tags lowercase)

HTML5 key innovations (5)

"1. New form elements & client-side validation 2. Multimedia (video

HTML5 downside

Not all browsers compatible with new features

HTML file extensions

.html or .htm

HTML document starts with

Visible part of HTML is between

and tags

h1-h6 tags are

Headers with different text sizes

tag is

Paragraph of text

tag is

Displays image on webpage

tag is

Link to another document

tag is

New line

---

tag is

Horizontal line dividing page

"<b>

element is used for

Grouping elements with common property or visual unit

element defines

Navigation links section

element contains

Elements displayed at bottom of webpage

and

elements

Thematic unit on the page

Table in HTML: row element is

(table row)

Table in HTML: cell/column element is

(table data)

HTML forms send data mostly via

HTTP POST method

element depends on

value of type attribute for different input shapes

tag creates

Drop-down list

defines

Multi-line text input field

displays

Clickable button

CSS stands for

Cascading Style Sheets - styling HTML elements

CSS advantages (3)

1. Better typography & layout control 2. Style separate from structure 3. Same style on multiple pages via CSS file

CSS can be used 3 ways

1. Inline (style attribute) 2. Internal (style in head) 3. External (separate CSS file)

CSS comments are between

/* and */

CSS colors can be defined 4 ways

1. Color name 2. Hex value 3. RGB/RGBA decimal 4. HSL notation (CSS3)

Span element is used when

Different styles needed within same element

CSS positioning methods (5)

"static

static positioning

Default - elements placed in order as listed on page

relative positioning

Same as static but uses top/right/bottom/left from expected static position

fixed positioning

Relative to browser edges

absolute positioning

Relative to parent with non-static positioning or html element

sticky positioning

"Default relative

CSS combinators (4)

"space (descendant)

Link states in CSS (4)

"a:link (unvisited)

margin property defines

"Space AROUND elements

padding property defines

"Space INSIDE element content

width/height can be defined as

Pixels or percentages of parent size

background-color defines

Background color

border-radius defines

Curvature of all corners

font-family defines

Font type

font-weight defines

"Font thickness (normal

RGB color system is

"24-bit system: combination of red

RGBA adds what to RGB

8 additional bits for transparency information

JavaScript is executed on

Client side (in web browser)

JavaScript is case sensitive?

Yes (unlike HTML)

JavaScript is NOT

Java (different syntax and purpose)

Server-side languages output

HTML code sent to client (hidden source)

Client-side languages

Code visible to client (integrated in HTML)

JS written in HTML goes inside

tags

JS variables defined with

var keyword (or let/const in ES6)

JS variable naming rules

"No spaces

JS variable value assigned with

= (equals sign)

JS blocks end with

Semicolon (;)

JS single-line comments use

//

JS multi-line comments use

/* */

JS arithmetic operators inherited from

C programming language

JS += operator does

Adds value from right to left variable and assigns result

JS -= operator does

Subtracts right value from left variable and assigns result

Display data with (2 main)

document.write or alert()

alert() blocks

Page rendering until user interacts with popup

User input via popup uses

prompt() method

confirm() method returns

"Boolean value (OK=true

JS gets time from

"System time (client OS)