ASCI 165 FINAL

What is the study of incidents, distribution, and possible control of infections

epidemiology

what is an agent

virulence and toxicity

definition of environment

stocking density and weather

host definition

age and genetics

what is the #1 environmental factor impacting the epidemiologic triad

temperature change > 30F in 24 Hr

what is the term for the first milk containing antibodies given in the first 24 hours

colostrum

which white blood cells makes up 55-75% of the total count and performs phagocytosis

neutrophil

which leukocyte is specifically associated with attacking parasites and chronic allergies

eosinophil

what chemical released by basophils increases inflammation

histamine

which lymphocyte type is responsible for humoral immunity and has attached antibodies

B cells

what is a monocyte called once it migrates from the blood into the tissue

macrophage

what is the process of leukocytes traveling from blood tissue called

diapedesis

Cardinal signs of inflammation

heat

pain

redness

swelling

what is the chemical signal sent to call more repair cells to a site of inflammation

chemotaxis

what is the term for a drug that lowers fever

Antipyretic

Cell-mediated immunity (T-Cells) can be transferred between animals via antibodies

False

Where do T cells mature

Thymus

Which of the following are considered Secondary lympoid organs

spleet

tonsils

peyers patch

three lines of immune defence

External innate

internal innate

adaptive

which protein interferes with viral replication and activates immun cells

interferon

what plasma protein marks cells for phagocytosis

complement

what is the term of the programmed cell death

apoptosis

what is the term for a disease where the cause is unknown

idiopathic

how long does it take for a primary humoral response to be detectable on a titer test

7 days

what antibody is found in colostrum and measured for passive transfer

IgG

what antibody is the first to show up when a pathogen invades

IgM

what antigen is primarily found in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears

IgA

which intracellular pathogen is spread by vectors like ticks and cause anemia

Rickettsia

what is the smallest known organism that can replicate on its own and lacks a cell wall

Mycoplasma

What is the protein coat of a virus called

capsid

what is the motile stage of a protozoa called

trophozoite

which protozoal disease is transmitted by possum feces and causes ataxia in horses

EPM

what is a misfolded protein that causes non inflammatory brain disease

Prion

Example of prion diseases

Mad Cow

Scrapie

Chronic Wasting Disease

what are two main classification of helminths

Nematodes and Platyhelminths

Common name of trematodes

Flukes

Common name of Cestodes

Tapeworms

what is the MOA for benzimidazoles

paralyze the worm

which drug is used to treat tapeworms

praziquantel

what is the fungal cell wall made of

cellulose

what toxin is produced by aspergillus flavus and can cause kidney failure

Aflatoxin

what is the common name for a superficial dermatophyte infection

ringworm

Which antigungal agent is used as a last resort due to potential kidney failure

Amphotericin B

What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antispetic

inanimate objects vs living tissue

what is the MOA for alcohol as disinfectant

denature protein

which disinfectant Calss works by saponification of fats but is caustic to metal

Alkali

normal resting heart rate for a horse

28-40

normal respiratory rate for a dairy cow

26-50

Which EHV type can cause abortion

type 1

what is the mutated form of EHV 1 that causes neurological symptoms

EHM

Where is the tuberculin injection given in cattle for TB testing

tail fold

incubation period for rabies

21-80 days

which disease causes paralysis in kids and arthritis in adult goats

CAE

primary transmission route for CAE in goats

Colostrum

What does ‘Trick’ cause in the beef industry

early term abortions

what disease is spread by the epajoroello tick and affects cattle

Foothill abortion

what is the differences in discharge between viral and bacterial infections

clear vs colored

What is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans

zoonotic

which antibody is associated with protection against parasitic worms

IgE

What is the primary line of defense in the immune system

external innate

skin and mucous

what is the term for the first time a body encounters an antigen

primary response

which vaccine type usually requires future boosters and is not mixed

killed

Epidemiologic triad

agent- bacteria

host- genetic susceptibility

environment- climate

what term describes the probability that an individual will develop a disease

likelihood of disease

what term refers to the degree of pathogenicity or the ability of an agent to cause disease

virulence

what are characteristics of infectious agents

infectivity

pathogenicity

virulence

is the age instrinsic or extrinsic

intrinsic

is nutrition intrinsic or extrinsic

extrinsic

subclinical disease is characteried by the presence of signs and symptoms

false

components of the line of defense

first- skin and mucous

second- inflammation

third- B and T cells

what happens to blood vessels during the inflammatory response to allow more blood flow

vasodilation

where do all cells of the immune system originate

Bone Marrow

what are neutrohils

phagocytosis of bacteria

what are eiosinophils

parasitic infectioins

what are basophils

allergic reactions

what are monocytes

macrohages

what are lumphocytes

specific immune response

what does APC stand for in immunology

Antigen-Presenting Cell

Where do lymphocytes typically encounter antigens

secondary lymphoid organs

what are B and T cells called once they mature but have not yet encountered an antigen

Naive

what are the two steps in T cell education

Positive and negative selection

what occurs when the immune system fails to recognize self and attacks its own tissues

autoimmunity

what specific type of B cell produces antibodies

Plasma Cells

what is the rapid multiplication of B or T cells clones after activation called

clonal expansion

Memory Cell are responsible for the faster and stronger response during a second exposure to a pathogen

true

which immune response is faster and produces a higher titer of antibodies

secondary response

Which antibody is the first to be produced during a primary immune response

IgM

which antibody is the most abundant in the blood anc can cross the placenta

IgG

primary location of IgA

mucous

Primary location of IgE

allergic reactions

primary location of IgD

B cell surface

primary location of IgG

Blood

what are types of vaccines

Live-attenuated

inactivated

subunit

what type of vaccine uses a weakend form of the germ

live- attenuated

what type of vaccine uses only specific pieces of the germ

subunit

the secondary immune response is mediated primarily by memory cells

true

what is the general mechanism of action for all beta-lactam antibiotics

disrupt cell wall synthesis

all cell wall inhibitors are bactericidal

true

which enzyme responsible for cross linking NAM and NAG is blocked by beta lactams

transpeptidase

what term describes an antibiotic that kills bacteria

bactericidal