The demise of the Republic 1658-60

What role did Richard Cromwell take in the Upper House?

He was made a member during the autumn of 1657

When was the Third Protectorate Parliament?

27th Jan 1659-22nd April 1659

What advantages did Richard have?

Did not serve as a soldier in the civil wars which made him more popular with the gentry and was not a religious radical.

What disadvantages did Richard have?

The Army was displeased as he was not associated with the Army and some republicans disliked the way he came to power - the office of Lord Protector was not supposed to be hereditary.

What was the main reason for the end of the Protectorate?

Richard found it impossible to appease both the social conservatives (who dominated Parliament) and religious radicals in the Army (same as his father).

Why was Richard forced to dissolve the Third Protectorate Parliament?

Army plotters Fleetwood and Disbrowe were eager to restore the republican Commonwealth - challenged his authority over the army.

When was Parliament dissolved?

22nd April 1659 - republicans suggested restoring the Rump.

When did Richard renounce the Protectorship?

25th May 1659

What terrified the propertied classes?

The revival of Levellers - this chaos brings Charles II to the throne.

George Monck's role

He was appointed commander in chief of the armed forces, declared against the Committee of Safety, demanding the return of the Rump.

When was the Declaration of Breda?

4th April 1660

What did Charles promise under the Declaration of Breda?

A general pardon for the regicides, payment of army arrears, and religious toleration.

When was the Convention Parliament?

April-December 1660 - called by Monck.

The Convention Parliament - make up and aims

1/3 Presbyterians, 1/3 religious radicals and 1/3 constitutional royalists - wanted a King that would offer religious toleration and healing and settling.

When did Charles II return to England?

29th May 1660