Key Terms Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key terms from chapters 1-18.

Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and cannot be significantly changed.

Self-Efficacy

One's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

SMART Goals

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from internal rewards, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from external rewards, such as money or grades.

Eisenhower Box

A time management tool used for prioritizing tasks based on urgency and importance.

Understanding Credit

Comprehending the principles and implications of borrowing money and managing debt.

Deliberate Practice

A structured and focused approach to practice that aims to improve specific skills.

Test Anxiety

A state of distress experienced before, during, or after an exam.

Eustress

Positive stress that can be motivating and enhance performance.

Distress

Negative stress that can be harmful to one's well-being.

Primary Appraisal

The initial assessment of a situation to determine if it is a threat.

Secondary Appraisal

An evaluation of one's resources and ability to cope with a stressful situation.

Misconceptions of Multitasking

The false belief that one can effectively perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Surface-Level Diversity

Differences among individuals based on visible characteristics like race, gender, and age.

Deep-Level Diversity

Differences among individuals based on psychological characteristics like values, beliefs, and attitudes.

Bloom's Taxonomy

A hierarchical framework for categorizing educational learning objectives.

Self-Regulation

The ability to control one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the face of temptations and impulses.

Cultural Competency

The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact effectively with people from diverse cultures.

Unconscious Incompetence

Not knowing that one lacks a skill or knowledge.

Conscious Incompetence

Being aware that one lacks a skill or knowledge.

Critical Thinking

The ability to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments.

Cognitive Processing

The mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and using information.

Creative Thinking

Generating new ideas or approaches.

Practical Thinking

Applying knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems.

Analytical Thinking

Breaking down complex information into smaller parts to understand it better.

Forms of Intelligence

Different types of intellectual abilities, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligence.

Knowledge

Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education.

Metacognition

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Automatic Processing

Encoding information with minimal conscious effort.

Effortful Processing

Encoding information with conscious attention and effort.

Storage

The retention of encoded information over time.

Sensory Memory

The immediate and brief recording of sensory information.

Short-Term Memory

Memory that holds a small amount of information for a limited time.

Long-Term Memory

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Recall

Retrieving information from memory without cues.

Recognize

Identifying previously learned information when exposed to it again.

Relearn

Learning something again that has been previously learned, typically more quickly.

Active Listening

Paying close attention to what someone is saying and responding thoughtfully.

Repeat (Active Listening)

Repeating the speaker's words to ensure understanding.

Paraphrase (Active Listening)

Restating the speaker's message in your own words.

Reflect (Active Listening)

Reflecting on the speaker's feelings and emotions.

Job

A short-term position with specific tasks and responsibilities.

Career

A long-term path of work and related experiences.

RIASEC Model

A model that categorizes interests and personality traits related to career choices.

Stages of Career Development

The process of growing, exploring, establishing, maintaining and reinventing oneself professionally.

Hard Skills

Specific, teachable abilities that can be defined and measured.

Soft Skills

Personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people.

SQ3R

A reading comprehension method involving Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review.

Types of College Reading

Different approaches to reading academic texts, such as skimming, scanning, and in-depth reading.

Reinventing

To change something so much that it appears to be entirely new.