Biology L112 Practice Final Exam

The heart, muscles, bones, and blood develop primarily from ____________.

mesoderm

Fertilization in mammals occurs in the ___________.

oviduct

Recombination occurs

only during prophase I and involves swapping between homologous chromatids

In order to ensure the precision of the excision of introns, the junction between introns and exons are bound by ________

snRNPs

Which of the following statements is false?

The primary immune response is faster and more complete than a secondary immune response.

While running in a garden, a girl steps on an old board and a nail goes through her shoe and skin, causing a deep puncture wound. Which of the following non-specific defense mechanisms will come to her rescue?

inflammation

The process of removing introns from mRNA and putting the remaining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____.

spliceosome

Put the following developmental processes in the correct order.

cleavage > gastrulation > organogenesis

The immunoglobulin G molecule consists of how many polypeptide chains, including light and heavy chains?

4

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____, which codes for the amino acid ____.

AUG; methionine

The hormones that are most directly involved with the process of birth are ___________.

oxytocin and prostaglandins

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your brother. Why could this happen?

The two cold viruses are significantly different

Sperm become fully motile in the __________.

epididymis

Which embryonic tissue is Incorrectly associated with its derivative?

skin from mesoderm

Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in infants with partial arms or legs?

thalidomide

During RNA processing, pre-RNA typically undergoes substantial ______.

intron excision, exon splicing

The development of an HIV vaccine has been very difficult because

the viral coat antigens change frequently as the virus replicates

Gestation takes approximately ____ days in humans.

266

Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle are called

cyclins

A color-blind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was color blind have a son. Color blindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. If only the male offspring are considered, the probability that their son is color blind is __________.

50 percent

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of __________.

the endometrial lining

Which of the following best describes unsaturated tails of lipids? They __________.

have kinks in them and lessen the interaction between adjacent fat

A particular protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following is likely to be the number of nucleotides in the eukaryotic DNA that codes for this protein?

1800

The total yield of ATP from the oxidation of one molecule of glucose is ____________.Assume 1NADH = 2.5 ATP and 1FADH2 = 1.5 ATP

32

During the translocation step of protein synthesis, which of the following occurs ________.

tRNA from the A site moves to the P site

Reiji Okazaki discovered that what are now called "Okazaki fragments" are produced during DNA replication. These are __________.

short lengths of new DNA on the lagging strand

Susan, a mother with type B blood, has a child with type O blood. She claims that Craig, who has type A blood, is the father. He claims that he cannot possibly be the father. Further blood tests ordered by the judge reveal that Craig is AA. The judge rules that ________.

Craig is right and doesn't have to pay child support

Which of the following is correct regarding stem cells? They _____________.

retain the ability to divide and give rise to special types of cells

The cap on an mRNA is the site where

ribosomes attach at the start of translation

Organ transplants are likely to be successful between ___________.

identical twins

Ovulation involves the ____________.

release of a secondary oocyte.

The amount of energy released from a glucose molecule is dependent on what happens to the _______.

hydrogen atoms

Assume that an mRNA molecule is made beginning complementary to this DNA sequence: 3'-CTTACATGGCATCC-5'

The second codon (counting the start codon as the first codon) directs incorporation of which amino acid in the polypeptide?

tyrosine

They have been dubbed as "conveyor belts'; they move vesicles, organelles and chromosomes.

microtubules

Inoculation against the following is recommended for the general public EXCEPT for ________.

B. anthracis

A contraceptive pill contains _____________.

estrogen and/or progesterone

Which blood type is the universal donor?

O

Which Calvin Cycle products are used in the light reactions?

ADP, Pi, and NADP+

These contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP.

mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT associated with meiosis?

somatic cells

The major difference between the male and female reproductive systems is the ___________.

provision of a site for fertilization and development in the female

____ reproduction generates more ____ than does ____ reproduction.

Sexual; genetic diversity; asexual

The process wherein the sperm become ready to fertilize the egg is known as ___________.

capacitation

You cross a pink snapdragon (CRCW) with a white snapdragon (CWCW). What percentage of the progeny will be red?

0%

Which statement is NOT true?

Hydrophilic substances have an easier time passing through membranes than hydrophobic substances do.

In the figure above, representing transcription, the item labeled "B" is

the non-template strand

Which immunoglobulin is able to pass the placenta to protect the fetus from pathogens?

IgG

The special functions performed by membranes are the result of _____________.

proteins in the lipid bilayer

Which of the following membranes is associated with the formation of the placenta?

chorion

In humans, which of the following events would occur over the longest period of time?

growth and tissue specialization

These are responsible for cell shape, internal organization, and movements.

cytoskeleton

Adaptive immunity is also referred to as ____ immunity.

acquired

The transcription initiator complex is comprised of the ____________.

promoter and TATA box

Which immune system component has a principal role in graph D?

memory cells

When the body's defenses turn against its own cells, the disorder is called ____________.

an autoimmune response

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from bacteria because __________.

both have similar protein synthesis machineries

The greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in ____________.

electron transport

Put these developmental stages in the proper order.

morula > blastula > gastrula

Clones of B or T cells are ____________.

produced only when their surface proteins recognize specific antigen

Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

oxygen

Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events.

fertilization >>> cleavage >>> blastula >>> gastrula

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because ___________.

males have only one recessive gene for the disorder.

Which of the following is found in greater abundance in sperm and eggs compared to regular somatic cells?

mitochondria

The release of testosterone requires _____________.

luteinizing hormone and GnRH

Implantation of a zygote occurs in the ________________.

uterus

An enzyme that is present in both photosynthesis and respiration is called ________.

ATP synthase

Which of the following acts to remove over-twisting and strain ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

topoisomerase

Peroxisomes would most likely be involved in the metabolism of ___________.

alcohol

Misfolding of proteins is a strong indicator for the cause of certain diseases. However, __________ is NOT caused by protein misfolding

Phenylketonuria

The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of ___________.

- energy

- carbon dioxide

- hydrogen

If all the offspring of a testcross are alike and resemble the organism being tested, then that parent is ___________.

homozygous dominant

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?

The proton gradient is used to reduce NADP

Which of the following is NOT involved in a feedback loop in the male reproductive system?

adrenal gland

If purple is dominant in pea plants, a cross between P generation purple and white plants will result in __________.

all purple flowers in the F1 generation

Which of the following cancers causes the greatest number of deaths in both men and women?

lung

Mendel's dihybrid crosses, but not his monohybrid crosses, showed that _________.

alleles for different traits were inherited independently

With respect to chromosomes, the difference between normal human males and females is defined by which of the following?

In males an X is replaced by a Y

Adding nucleotides onto a growing DNA strand during DNA replication in cells occurs in

the 5' to 3' direction only

Which of the following molecule(s)/cell(s) are required for the recognition of foreign antigens?

- T cell receptor

- Antigen presenting cell

- MHCs

The poly(A) tail of an mRNA

protects the mRNA from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes

Translation ends when a stop codon is at the ____ site, allowing a ____ to bind there.

A; release factor

These contain enzymes and are commonly referred to as garbage disposals of the cell.

lysosomes

Which of these is the site for protein and lipid synthesis?

endoplasmic reticulum

The degeneracy of the genetic code refers to the fact that

the code has most amino acids represented by more than one codon

Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in the ability of the body to

distinguish self from non-self

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by ____________.

hemoglobin

If your mother and father both have cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, the odds of you having cystic fibrosis are ___________.

1

If you are blood type A,

you carry antibodies for type B blood

All of the following is true regarding replication EXCEPT that __________.

it requires three different types of RNA molecules for initiation

A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of _____________.

continuous variation

During normal DNA replication, part of the DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes is not copied into the new DNA strands because _____________.

RNA primers at the beginning of a new strand cannot be replaced with DNA

Ovulation is triggered by a surge in the level of __________ in the circulatory system.

luteinizing hormone

Identical twins can result from

a division of a zygote into two separate cells that develop into two separate embryos

If your mother and father are both heterozygous for Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele, the odds of you having the disorder are _____________.

3/4

Which of the following acts as "filters" in the lymphatic system?

lymph nodes

Amniocentesis involves sampling ______________.

the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid

After DNA repair enzymes cut out part of a DNA strand that had an incorrect nucleotide, ____ is/are needed to complete the repair.

DNA polymerase and DNA ligase

In an ectopic pregnancy, implantation occurs _____________.

- in the oviduct.

- on the outside of the uterus

- on the abdominal wall

- on the surface of the ovary

At what point in development is a human embryo considered to be a fetus?

8 weeks

Which of the following is an antigen presenting cell?

dendritic cell and macrophage