Ethics and Bias

human services exam 1

theory

thoughts and beleifs that influence our thinking

zone of proximal development

Meeting people where they are

deficits based approach

• Focuses on disorders and abnormalities 

• Seeks to provide cure from an ‘expert’

• Focuses on fixed characteristics and behaviors without regards to clients focus aspirations 

strengths based approach 

• Seeks to identify competencies and abilities 

• Emphasizes clients well being 

• Validates clients past experiences but focuses on clients future and positive steps in the present 

• Believes that positive change is always possible when it aligns with a clients goals

Brofenbrenners’s ecological system

• Everything in our environment affects us 

• Microsystem = individual interactions, immediate environment 

  • How individual interacts with family 

• Mesosystem = connections between microsystems

  • Child's academic progress depends on classroom and reinforcement at home  

• Exosystem = settings that indirectly impact an individual 

  • Parents work schedule impacts how they show up for their child 

• Macrosystem = culture in which individual lives 

  • High cultural standards of healthcare impact child's health 

• Chronosystem = changes over time

  • Evolution of gender roles 

piagets stages of development 

• 4 chronological and universal stages of development; this how children construct knowledge and ideas

• Sensorimotor stage , 0-2

  • Trial and error experimentation with environment

  • Reflexes turns into intentional behavior 

  • Object permanence : objects exist even if you don’t see them 

• Preoperational stage, 2-7

  • Ego-centric perspective (don’t understand others POV)

  • develop language, symbolic thinking (schemas)

  • Has not yet developed logic 

• Concrete operational stage, 7-12

  • Understanding others POV

  • Limited reasoning skills 

  • Masters conservation

• Formal operational 12-adulthood 

  • Ability to think about abstract hypothetical ideas

  • Thinks about future and moral issues 

erikons stages of development

• Views each stage of life as experiencing a conflict in which one must resolve, personality development 

• Trust vs mistrust, 0-1

  • Infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their basic needs or not

• Autonomy vs shame and doubt, 1-3

  • Toddlers learns to develop a sense of control and independence 

• Initiative vs guilt, 3-6 

  • Children assert control through directing play and social interactions 

• Industry vs inferiority, 6-12

  • Children develop a sense of pride in accomplishments and abilities 

• Identity vs role confusion, 12-18 

  • Teens explore personal interests and sense of self 

• Intimacy vs isolation, 18-40

  • (Young) adults form intimate, loving relationships with others 

• Generativity vs stagnation, 40-65

  • Adults create or nurture things that will outlast them, contributing to society 

• Integrity vs despair, 65+

  • Seniors reflect on life and either feel a sense of fulfillment or regret 

external barriers

• Overall economy 

• Cost

• Availability 

• Transportation 

• Language 

  • Can apply to english - southern accents can sometimes lead to bias about intelligence 

• culture/identity 

  • Different cultures have different attitudes about mental health 

  • Predominantly white areas can be an area for people, this can be a barrier for POC who feel their HMS worker won't fully understand their struggles 

• Immigration status 

internal barriers

• Fear being judged/punished 

• Shame for not being able to solve your own problems 

• Fear of unknown 

• Distrust of HMS workers 

Bias

•  thoughts and beliefs - prejudice in favor against one thing, person, or group 

discrimination 

• actions, behaviors, rules/policies, disparate access and outcomes; may not be linked to explicit bias 

in group

a social group an individual identifies with and feels a sense of belonging to

out group

any social group an individual does not identify with or belong to, and may view with resistance or opposition

empathy

• Perspective talking

• Staying out of judgement 

• Recognizing emotion in other people 

• Communicating recognition of that emotion

privilege

Access to resources that are only readily available to some people because of their social group membership; an advantage or immunity granted to or enjoyed by one group, above and beyond the common advantage of other groups 

interactionality

• The interconnected nature of social categorization as the apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and independent systems of discrimination or disadvantage (oppression) 

equity

• Not everyone needs the same resources to be equal 

• People are treated differently in order to achieve and equitable outcome

• Goal is to make sure everyone hits the same goal 

equality

• Everyone deserves equal dignity - even if you give everyone the same opportunities there are still disadvantages in the way. Everyone is treated fair even if there is still a problem

• Lets give everyone the same resources

liberation 

• Moving the obstacles out of the way so that there are no barriers to hitting the goal at all 

Maslows hierachy of needs

• Maslow never presented them in a pyramid or linear pattern but it is usually presented as a pyramid 

social category 

a group of people who share common traits or characteristics but do not necessarily interact with one another

oppression

the systemic and institutionalized discrimination and mistreatment of one social group by another

clients rights

• Ethical and human treatment 

  • Competent service and best practices 

  • Trust and honesty 

  • Privacy/confidentiality 

  • Respect and dignity 

• The right to self determination 

  • Informed consent 

  • Right to receive or refuse services 

  • Right to choose free of coercion 

education/prevention

approach aims to address the root causes of social issues, build resilience, and empower people with the knowledge and resources to thrive.

advocacy/policy change

fundamental components of human services careers, extending the professional mission beyond one-on-one assistance to create large-scale, sustainable social change. By addressing systemic issues, human service professionals champion the rights of marginalized groups and work to reform policies that perpetuate inequality.