ccna TCP/IP

What is a set of rules defining how data should be communicated between devices over a network?

protocol

What is an agreed-upon specification that describes how a protocol/technology should work?

standard

What is a standard that allows devices of all types to communicate with each other?

vendor-neutral

What do we call a group of protocols that, when working together, facilitates the physical transmission of signals, delivery on LANs, routing traffic between networks, and using applications to successfully move data?

network stack

Which layer do Telnet, FTP, and TFTP belong to?

application layer

What layer do protocols like TCP and UDP belong to?

transport layer

What layer do protocols like the Internet Protocol, IPv4, and IPv6 belong to?

internet layer

What layer do protocols like Ethernet and WiFi belong to?

link layer

Which layer has protocols for communication between application processes that create and interpret data?

application

Which layer provides end-to-end communication between application processes using port numbers?

transport

Which layer provides end-to-end communication between hosts across networks, commonly using IP addresses and routers?

internet

Which layer provides hop-to-hop delivery within a local network using MAC addresses and switches? (think of passing the message from switch to router 1 to router 2 to switch 2 to the server)

local network

Which layer transports bits using electrical or light pulses?

physical

Which layer defines things like cables, connectors, signal levels, and link speeds?

physical layer

What do we call a delivery method that takes single steps between routers and switches to deliver messages?

hop-to-hop

What is the single step (i.e., from a router to a switch only) in hop-to-hop delivery called?

hop

Do we count switches when counting hops?

no

Which device in hop-to-hop delivery extends the local network?

switch

What does MAC stand for in MAC addresses?

media access control

How do we identify interfaces in the local network layer?

MAC addresses

What does MAC stand for?

media access control

The Internet layer provides what kind of delivery across multiple networks?

end-to-end

Which device mostly operates at the Internet layer?

router

Which kind of address does the Internet layer use to identify hosts in its network?

IP

Which layer uses IP addresses to identify hosts in its network?

internet

How do we differentiate between different streams of data on the transport layer?

port numbers

Which protocol on the application layer is used to browse webpages?

http/https

Which protocols on the application layer is used to transfer files?

FTP and TFTP

Which protocols on the application layer are used for sending or receiving emails?

SMTP, POP3, IMAP

What can we call a combination of data and a L4 header for TCP protocols?

segment

What can we call a combination of data and a L4 header for UDP protocols?

datagram

What can we alternatively call a segment/datagram?

layer 4 PDU

what does PDU stand for?

protocol data unit

What can we call a combination of data and a transport-layer header for UDP protocols?

datagram

What can we call a combination of data and a transport-layer header using the TCP protocol?

segment

What can we call a combination of a segment/datagram and an L3 header?

packet

What can we alternatively call a packet?

layer 3 PDU

What can we call a combination of a segment/datagram and an internet layer header?

packet

What can we call a combination of a packet and an L2 header?

frame

What can we alternatively call a frame?

layer 2 PDU

What can we call a combination of a packet and a local network layer header?

frame

What term can we use to refer to the contents of a PDU?

payload

What is an alternative name for the application layer?

layer 7

What 7-layer model led to the application layer being referred to as ‘layer 7?’

OSI