Chapter 50: Consolidated Regions and Musculature of the Upper Limb

upper limb consists of the following region (8)

1. pectoral region

2. shoulder

3. axilla

4. arm

5. elbow

6. forearm

7. wrist

8. hand

humerus

shoulder

axilla

armpit

brachium

arm

cubitus

elbow

antebrachium

forearm

carpus

wrist

manus

hand

palma

palm

digiti manus

fingers

pollen

thumb

upper limb is connected to the trunk by the shoulder girdle, a C-shaped ring made of 5 bones:

1. manubrium of the sternum

2. right and left scapulae

3. right and left clavicles

muscles in pectoral region (3)

1. pectoralis major m.

2. pectoralis minor m.

3. serratus anterior m.

pectoralis major m. action

adduct, medially rotate and flex arm at shoulder

pectoralis major m. innervation

medial pectoral n. and lateral pectoral n.

pectoralis minor m. action

depress scapula

pectoralis minor m. innervation

medial pectoral n.

serratus anterior m. action

upward rotation of scapula

serratus anterior m. innervation

long thoracic n.

muscles in the shoulder region (6)

1. deltoid m

2. supraspinatus m

3. infraspinatus m

4. teres minor m

5. subscapularis m

6. teres major m

what are the shoulder rotator cuff muscles? (4)

1. supraspinatus m

2. infraspinatus m

3. teres minor m

4. subscapularis m

deltoid m action

flex, extend, medially and laterally rotate, and abduct arm at shoulder

deltoid m innervation

axillary n

supraspinatus m action

abduct arm at shoulder

supraspinatus m innervation

suprascapular n

infraspinatus m action

lateral rotation of arm at shoulder

infraspinatus m innervation

suprascapular n

teres minor m action

lateral rotation of arm at shoulder

teres minor m innervation

axillary n

subscapularis m. action

medial rotation of arm at shoulder

subscapularis m innervation

upper and lower subscapular nn

teres major m action

adduct and medially rotate arm at shoulder

teres major m innervation

lower subscapular n

what are the arm muscles? (4)

1. triceps brachii m

2. biceps brachii m

3. coracobrachialis m

4. brachialis m

what are the parts of triceps brachii m?

1. long head

2. lateral head

3. medial head

triceps brachii m action

extend arm at forearm

triceps brachii innervation

radial n

what are the parts of biceps brachii m?

1. long head

2. short head

biceps brachii m action

flex and supinate forearm at elbow

biceps brachii m innervation

musculocutaneous m

coracobrachialis m action

flex arm at shoulder joint

coracobrachialis m innervation

musculocutaneous n

brachialis m action

flex forearm at elbow

brachialis m innervation

musculocutaneous n

what are the anterior superficial forearm muscles? (4)

1. pronator teres m

2. flexor carpi radialis m

3. palmaris longus m

4. flexor carpi ulnaris m

pronator teres m action

pronate forearm at elbow

pronator teres m innervation

median n

flexor carpi radialis m action

flex and abduct hand at wrist

palmaris longus m action

flex hand at wrist

palmaris longus m innervation

median n

flexor carpi ulnaris m action

flex and adduct hand at wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris m innervation

ulnar n

what muscle is in the anterior intermediate forearm muscles group? (1)

flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Flexor digitorum superficialis m. action

flex digits 2-5

flexor digitorum superficialis m. innervation

median n

what muscles are in the anterior deep forearm muscles group? (3)

1. flexor pollicis longus m

2. flexor digitorum profundus m

3. pronator quadratus m.

flexor pollicis longus m action

flex thumb

flexor pollicis longus m innervation

anterior interosseous n (AIN)

flexor digitorum profundus m action

flex digits 2-5

flexor digitorum profundus m innervation

anterior interosseous n (AIN) and ulnar n

Pronator quadratus m. action

pronate hand at wrist

pronator quadratus m. innervation

anterior interosseous n (AIN)

what muscles are in the posterior superficial forearm muscles group? (7)

1. brachioradialis m

2. extensor carpi radialis longus m

3. extensor carpi radialis brevis m

4. extensor digitorum m

5. extensor digiti minimi m

6. extensor carpi ulnaris m

7. anconeus m

brachioradialis m action

flex forearm at elbow

brachioradialis m innervation

radial n

extensor carpi radialis longus m action

extend and abduct hand at wrist

extensor carpi radialis longus m innervation

radial n

extensor carpi radialis brevis m action

extend and abduct hand at wrist

extensor carpi radialis brevis m innervation

deep branch of radial n

extensor digitorum m action

extend digits 2-5

extensor digitorum m innervation

posterior interosseous n (PIN)

extensor digiti minimi m action

extend digit 5

extensor digiti minimi m innervation

posterior interosseous n (PIN)

extensor carpi ulnaris m action

extend and adduct hand at wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris m innervation

posterior interosseous n (PIN)

anconeus m action

extend forearm at elbow

anconeus m innervation

posterior interosseous n (PIN)

what muscles are in the posterior deep forearm muscles group? (5)

1. supinator m

2. abductor pollicis longus m

3. extensor pollicis brevis m

4. extensor pollicis longus m

5. extensor indicis m

what is the innervation of all posterior deep forearm muscles?

posterior interosseous n (PIN)

supinator m action

supinate forearm at elbow

abductor pollicis longus m action

abduct thumb

extensor pollicis brevis m action

extend thumb

extensor pollicis longus m action

extend thumb

extensor indicis m action

extend index finger

what are the hand muscles groups? (3)

1. thenar muscles

2. hypothenar muscles

3. small hand muscles

thenar muscles (4)

1. abductor pollicis brevis m

2. flexor pollicis brevis m

3. opponens pollicis m

4. adductor pollicis m

abductor pollicis brevis m action

abduct thumb

abductor pollicis brevis m innervation

recurrent branch of median n

flexor pollicis brevis m action

flex thumb

flexor pollicis brevis m innervation

recurrent branch of median n and deep branch of ulnar n

opponens pollicis m action

oppose thumb

opponens pollicis m innervation

recurrent branch of median

adductor pollicis m action

adduct thumb

adductor pollicis innervation

deep branch of ulnar n

hypothenar muscles (4)

1. abductor digit minimi m

2. flexor digiti minimi m

3. opponens digiti minimi m

4. palmaris brevis m

abductor digit minimi m action

abduct digit 5

abductor digiti minimi m innervation

deep branch of ulnar n

flexor digiti minimi brevis m action

flex digit 5

flexor digiti minimi brevis m innervation

deep branch of ulnar n

opponens digiti minimi m action

oppose digit 5