genetics

Many genes working together to form one characteristic that can be influenced by the environment

Polygenic traits

Individual section of DNA on a chromosome heritable factors that can be passed down from parent to off spring

Genes

Versions of genes that determine an organisms different traits

Alleles

Traits passed down from generation to generation

Pattern of inheritance

Allés blend together leading to an expressed trait that’s a mix of the traits like a red and white flowers making a pink offspring

Incomplete dominance

Traits linked with two allés show separately

Codominace

Deficiency of something passed down to offspring

Methylation

The study of how cells control gene activity without changing DNA sequence

Epigenetic

most common characteristics of a species as it exist in nature/ most frequently observed trait.

Wild type traits

True-breeding

Specific variant of a characteristic of an organism

Trait

Sever form of anemia which mutated form of hemoglobin

Sickle-cell disease

Production by a single gene o two or more apparently unrelated effects

Pleiotropy

a genetic cross between two organisms that differ only one gene tracking the inheritance of a single trait

Monohybrid cross

the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome 

Locus

the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of other traits. meaning that alleles for different genes segregate randomly into gametes during meiosis.

Law of independent assortment

Offspring of two plants or animals of different pieces

Hybrids

Degeneration of brain cells

Huntington’s disease

Ability of blood to clot is reduced

Hemophilia

progressive muscle weakness due to lack of the protein dystrophin 

Duchene muscular dystrophy

Fertilize using pollen from another plant of same species

Cross fertilization

genes are located on chromosomes which are the carriers of genetic information that explains chromosomes segregate and assort independently during meiosis

Chromosome theory of inheritance

A test in early pregnancy to detect abnormalities where tissue samples are used

Chronic villus sampling

specific feature of an organisms such as eye color or height that is passed down from parents to offspring through genes

Characteristic

a test the involves taking amniotic fluid to diagnose genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

Amniocentesis

Heredity condition of growth of short limbs

Achondroplasia

less common variations in a population

mutant traits

the offspring of two different varieties

hybrid

alternate versions of a gene for a character

allele