Hematology (since midterm)

Coagulation abnormalities

what does liver disease most commonly lead to?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

what is the disorder that is secondary to a life-threatening event causing massive clotting in tiny capillaries?

Bleeding, Tissue hypoxia/necrosis

what are the two main problems of DIC

Bleeding

The main problem of DIC in the most immediate life-threatening situation

ecchymosis, petechiae, stools, hemorrhage, and shock

what are the five ways that one can see bleeding in the body

Bone marrow suppression, Loss/destruction of platelets

what are the two causes of Thrombocytopenia

bleeding with minor trauma

<50,000 platelets causes what?

spontaneous bleeding

<20,000 platelets causes what?

often fatal

<5,000 platelets causes what

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura

what is the autoimmune destruction of platelets called?

Thrombocytosis

what is it called when the platelet count is >100,000?

Hypercoagulability

what is the disorder where there is increased clotting causing one to clot much more rapidly

Leiden's factor V

what is the genetic condition that puts one at a much higher risk of clots occuring

Petechiae

what is micro bruising due to platelet abnormalities called?

Purpura

what is small vessel trauma called?

Ecchymosis

what is a deeper bleed causing a purple patch that is more than 1cm in size

Epistaxis

what is a nose bleed called

Hematuria

what is blood present in the urine called

Melena

what is blood in the stool that has been in a higher point in the digestive tract called?

Hematochezia

what is a lower GI bleed causing bright red bowel movements?

prothrombin time

what is the lab value that measures the extrinsic pathway?

INR

what is the lab value that is a standardized value of PT

Partial thromboplastin Time

what is the lab value that measures the intrinsic pathway except for factor VII

10-13 seconds

what is the normal range for PT in the body

<1

what is the normal range of INR in the body

22-32

what is the normal range for PTT in the body

Heparin, Lovenox

what are the two anticoagulants that are given SC

Coumadin/Warfarin

what is the anticoagulant that is given PO

ASA, NSAIDs, Plavix

what are the three antiplatelets that are given to prevent platelet aggregation

Alteplase, Streptokinase

what are the two thrombolytic agents

Tranexamic acid

what is the anti-fibrinolytic that is used to stabilize a clot

2-3

if a patient has just gone through a mechanical heart valve transplant what should their INR levels stay in?

PT, INR

what are the two lab values that should be monitored for a patient on warfarin/coumadin