Spanish society progression + tensions (Modernisation)

7 things that modernised

Urbanisation

Employment

Welfare

Health

Education

Gender

Leisure

What is

Urbanisation

Employment

Welfare

Health

Education

Gender

Leisure

7 areas of modernisation

What 3 things still had tensions?

Housing

Regional divide

Uneven wealth distribution

What is

Housing

Regional divide

Uneven wealth distribution

3 things that still had tensions

Modernisation of urbanisation

Many rural based spaniards moved to cities + tourist resorts for better employment + pay

What is

Many rural based spaniards moved to cities + tourist resorts for better employment + pay

Modernisation of urbanisation

Why did many rural spaniards move to cities + tourist resorts?

Better employment + pay

Modernisation of employment (2)

-Growth in skilled industrial workers

→ 1975 employed in:

40% tourism

38% industry

22% agriculture

-Working hours decreased

→ 1960s average 49 hours

1975 average 44 hours

What is

-Growth in skilled industrial workers

→ 1975 employed in:

40% tourism

38% industry

22% agriculture

-Working hours decreased

→ 1960s average 49 hours

1975 average 44 hours

Modernisation of employment

Employment sector stats 1975

40% in tourism

38% in industry

22% in agriculture

What is

40% in tourism

38% in industry

22% in agriculture

Employment sector stats 1975

What % were employed in tourism in 1975?

40%

What sector were 40% employed in in 1975?

Tourism

How many were employed in agriculture in 1975?

22%

What sector were 22% of people employed in in 1975?

Agriculture

What % were employed in industry in 1975?

38%

What sector were 38% employed in in 1975?

Industry

Change of average working hours

1960s: 49 hours

1970s: 44 hours

Inhibitor of employment progress

Right-wing dictatorship + trade unions bring banned

What is

Right-wing dictatorship + trade unions bring banned

Inhibitor of employment progress

Welfare modernisation

People covered by welfare increased

→ 1950: 29%

1975: 80%

What is

People covered by welfare increased

→ 1950: 29%

1975: 80%

Welfare modernisation

1950 29% were covered by welfare. What was this by 1975?

80%

1975 80% of people were covered by welfare. What was this in 1950?

29%

Inhibitors of welfare modernisation

-Right wing dictatorship unlikely to spend loads on welfare

-Military remained powerful so inhibited welfare spending

What is

-Right wing dictatorship unlikely to spend loads on welfare

-Military remained powerful so inhibited welfare spending

Inhibitors of welfare modernisation

Health modernisation (3)

Life expectancy increased

→ 1950: 62

1975: 73

Infant mortality decreased

→ 1960: 43/1,000

1970: 28/1,000

Increase in doctors

→ 1950: 1 per 650 citizens

1975: 1 per 106 citizens

What is

Life expectancy increased

→ 1950: 62

1975: 73

Infant mortality decreased

→ 1960: 43/1,000

1970: 28/1,000

Increase in doctors

→ 1950: 1 per 650 citizens

1975: 1 per 106 citizens

Health modernisation

Increase in life expectancy

1950: 62

1975: 73

What was the life expectancy in 1950 comp. to 1975: 73?

62

What was life expectancy in 1975 comp. to 1950: 62?

73

When was life expectancy 62?

1950

When was life expectancy 73?

1975

Infant mortality rates

1960: 43/1,000

1970: 28/1,000

Doctors increase

1950: 1 per 650 citizens

1975: 1 per 106 citizens

What was infant mortality rates 1970?

28/1,000

What was infant mortality rates 1960?

43/1,000

Inhibitors of health progress

Same as welfare

Education modernisation (4)

1960s education spending overtook military spending for first time under Franco

Illiteracy rates decreased

→ 1960: 11%

1970: 6%

No. of unis increased

→ 1959: 12

1974: 22

500% increase in uni students

What is

1960s education spending overtook military spending for first time under Franco

Illiteracy rates decreased

→ 1960: 11%

1970: 6%

No. of unis increased

→ 1959: 12

1974: 22

500% increase in uni students

Education modernisation

When did education spending overtake military spending for the first time under Franco?

1960s

Illiteracy rates

1960: 11%

1970: 6%

When did illiteracy rates reach 6% comp. to 1960: 11%?

1970

1970 illiteracy rate was 6%. What was it in 1960?

11%

No. of unis

1959: 12

1974: 22

12 unis in 1959. How many by 1974?

22

What increased by 500%?

Uni students

How much did uni students increase by?

500%

Inhibitors of education progress

-Education remained low in rural areas

-Church

-Ruling class didnt want w/c boundaries to be broken down

What is

-Education remained low in rural areas

-Church

-Ruling class didnt want w/c boundaries to be broken down

Inhibitors of education progress

Modernisation of gender (3)

1970: 1/3 of uni students were female

> career opportunities for women due to better education

→ higher ability to break away from traditional gender roles

Tourist industry + access to more liberal societies granted better freedom + job opportunities

What is

1970: 1/3 of uni students were female

> career opportunities for women due to better education

→ higher ability to break away from traditional gender roles

Tourist industry + access to more liberal societies granted better freedom + job opportunities

Modernisation of gender

How many uni students were female in 1970?

1/3

When were 1/3 of uni students female?

1970

What gave women a better chance of breaking away from traditional gender roles?

Better education coz > job opportunities

How did tourist sector + access to more liberal societies help women?

Greater freedom + job opportunities

Inhibitors of gender modernisation

-Church

-Leading technocrats members of Opus Dei so v. socially conservative

What is

-Church

-Leading technocrats members of Opus Dei so v. socially conservative

Inhibitors of gender progress

Modernisation of leisure (6)

1950s ESP had more cinema seats per person than anywhere else in EUR + 2nd highest cinema attendance in the world

1956 State owned TVE channel started

ESP state cinema AND foreign films

1971: 82% of ESP teenagers owned a radio + ½ a vinyl player

Won 1968 Eurovision

More leisure time due to more disposable income

What is

1950s ESP had more cinema seats per person than anywhere else in EUR + 2nd highest cinema attendance in the world

1956 State owned TVE channel started

ESP state cinema AND foreign films

1971: 82% of ESP teenagers owned a radio + ½ a vinyl player

Won 1968 Eurovision

More leisure time due to more disposable income

Modernisation of leisure

1950s ESP cinema stats

More cinema seats than anywhere else in the world

2nd highest attendance in the world

1950s ESP cinema attendance was

2nd highest in the world

When did ESP win Eurovision?

1968

What did ESP win in 1968?

Eurovision

What did ESP cinemas show?

State films AND foreign films

1971 ESP teenager stats

82% owned a radio

½ owned a record player

How many ESP teenagers owned a radio in 1971?

82%

How many ESP teenagers owned a record player in 1971?

1/2

When was TVE started?

1956

What was created in 1956?

TVE

Why did leisure time increase?

More disposable income

Inhibitors of leisure modernisation

-State censorship of films, sometimes even dubbed to control language used

-Catholic church fought for further restrictions and censorship

-Only tv channel was the state controlled TVE