General Chemistry 1.1

Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Matter

anything with mass and volume; composed of atoms

3 Phases of Matter

solid, liquid, and gas

Solid

definite shape, definite volume

Liquid

indefinite shape, definite volume

Gas

indefinite shape, indefinite volume

Element

contains only one type of atom

Compound

contains 2 or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio

7 Diatomic Elements

N, H, F, O, I, Cl, Br

Pure Substance

pure element or pure compound; single type of matter

Mixture

multiple substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded

Types of mixtures

homogeneous; heterogeneous

Homogeneous Mixture

aka solutions; have uniform composition throughout

Heterogeneous

lacking uniform composition

Chemical Change

produces a new substance

Physical Change

change in physical, not chemical identity

Intensive Properties

independent of sample size (melting, boiling, density, and temperature)

Extensive Properties

dependent of sample size (mass, volume)