wh2 final

Cottage Industry

textiles were the first & main ___

Deists

essentially established their own religion with “rational” ethics as its core

Salons

found in Paris, evening receptions for discussion

Elizabeth I

England

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Elizabeth presided over the Armada’s defeat

Edict of Nantes

granted religious toleration/freedom for Huguenots

Dutch established a global trading network

East Indies and West Indies

Francis Bacon

inductive reasoning

Rene Descartes

deductive reasoning

Cardinal Richelieu

the architect of French Absolutism

English Civil War

New Model Army - victorious force

Atlantic Slave Trade

voyage across the Atlantic was termed the “Middle Passage”

the Restoration (England)

Charles II now King, restore the English throne

Mazarin defeated the ___

nobles

Richelieu & Mazarin

consolidated power in the king’s hands at the expense of the nobility

Mercantilism

embraced by Jean Colbert

Mercantilism encouraged Colonialism (colonization):

colony furnishes raw materials, “mother” country produces finished goods

Louis XIV

known as the “Sun” King

Louis’ palace

Versailles

Louis XIV’s errors

decline in living standards, increase in mortality rates, termed the misery of the 95%, revocation of Edict of Nantes

Isaac Newton

scientific genius: Optics, Physics, universe was

an open system

The Glorious Revolution

England, Parliament grants William III & Mary II crown, they acknowledge the supremacy of Parliament

Enlightenment

criticized monarchial/clerical absolutism

John Locke

believed that at birth the mind is blank – a clean slate or tabula rasa

Voltaire

“Father of the Enlightenment”

Adam Smith

laissez faire (to let do), his thoughts represent the essence of capitalism

THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR

essentially first “World War”, fought in three locations, North America, Europe, and India

7 years war drained

the British treasury

CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

practical bankruptcy of the state

inefficient & unjust tax system

philosophic ideas about the rights of man

Albert Einstein

special theory of relativity revolutionized physics

FR Revolution

10-year event, split into 3 phases: Moderate, Radical, Conservative

reigning monarchs are: King Louis XVI (16 th) & Queen Marie Antoinette

“liberty, equality, and fraternity”

Paris mob stormed the ____

Bastille

Coup Deposes the Girondins

factions in the National Convention (Jacobins v. Girondins):

Jacobins – more willing to listen to the economic & political demands of the sans-culottes

Jacobins gain control of govt.

FR Navy Defeated at ___

Trafalgar by GB Admiral Nelson, Napoleon’s aim to invade GB was thwarted

British (____) & Prussian forces defeat Napoleon at ____

Duke of Wellington

Waterloo

Industrial Revolution

fields to factories – shift from an agrarian, manual skill, labor-intensive economy to one now dominated by machine manufacturing

Cities

industrialization accelerated urbanization