New Recording 114

Ottoman Empire

A powerful, multi-ethnic empire that existed from the late 13th century until the early 20th century, centered in what is now Turkey.

Sick Man of Europe

A term used to describe the Ottoman Empire in decline during the 19th century, reflecting its weakening status among European powers.

Janissaries

Elite military corps of the Ottoman Empire, originally composed of Christian slave boys.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of governmental reforms in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century aimed at modernization and westernization.

Capitulation

A legal term referring to agreements that exempt foreigners from local laws, undermining the authority of the Ottoman Empire.

Muhammad Ali

An Albanian commander in the Ottoman army who became the ruler of Egypt and initiated significant reforms.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often leading to the desire for self-government or independence from empires.

Secularism

The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational matters; a key component of the reforms initiated by Ataturk.

Ataturk

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey known for his extensive reforms to transform Turkey into a secular, nationalist state.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western ideas, technology, and culture; attempted by the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat reforms.