Comparative Anatomy of the Heart

what is the symapthetic nerve supply to the heart

from cervical and thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic chain of ganglia forming a trunk to increase heart rate

What happens to the right and left coronary arteries

they form from the aortic sinuses under the cusps of the valves - left coronary artery is through left cusp and right coronary artery is through right cusp

left is larger than right

they both end up in the coronary sinus with fat

how is the azygous vein formed and what edoes it drain

the fusion of the 1st lumbar veins to drain the thoracic and lumbar portions

which species has a right azygous vein

dog, cat, horse, ruminant

which species has a left azygous vein

pig and ruminant

which species have a right cranial vena cava

all species

which species have a caudal vena cava

all species

which species have a left crainial vena cava

sheep and rabbit

which species has a thickened trabeculae septomartinalis and location

sheep - from the interventricular septum to the marginal wall of the ventricles

TC

CT

trabecular carnae - prevent blood turbulence in the ventricules by having myocardium in a thickly woven arrangement

chordae tendinae - attach papillary muscles to valve cusps or leaflets to prevent eversion and move them in one direction

which one is the mitral valve and how many cusps

it is the left atrioventricular valve with 2 cusps so bicuspid - it has a special name becuase it is the only valve with 2 leaflets rather than three

what does the coronary sulcus and coronary groove contain

coronary vessels and fat - remember this is the outer one

how is the heart divided up

interventricular septum to separate the left and right sides

coronary sulcus to separate atria from ventricles

what are the two surfaces of the heart and where are they

atrial surface - right surface

auricular surface - left surface

direction of base

craniodorsal

how does the heart sit in the body

it is oblique so base is dorsocranial and apex is ventrocaudal, and then 60% of the heart is to the left of the midline within the mediastinum, so it is also diagonal in that respect too

what is the name of the outermost layer of the ehart

outer pericardial mediastinal pleura

what are the two ligaments of the fibrous pericardium and who has them

phrenicopericardial ligament - dog - caudal

sternopericardial ligament - large animals - ventral