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salts def
ionic compounds consisting of both cations and anions and nearly all salts are strong electrolytes (completely soluble) therefore you can assume that any salt dissolved in water is completely dissociated
hydrolysis reaction
salts when placed in water will often react with the water to produce H3O+ or OH-
acid base properties of ions and salts
acid-base properties of salt solutions are due to the behavior of cations and/or anions and whether they produce H3O+(aq) or OH-(aq) which determines the pH of an aqueous salt solution
salts that yield basic solutions: strong acids and strong bases
-salts of strong acids and strong bases produce a neutral solution (pH = 7)
-the following ions do not react appreciable with water to produce either H3O+ or OH- ions (no hydrolysis reaction and we previously referred to them as spectator ions)
-cations from strong bases
-anions from strong monoprotic acids
cations from strong bases
-alkali metal cations of group 1A (Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+)
-alkaline earth metal cations of group 2A (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)
anions from strong monoprotic acids
Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, and ClO4-
salts that yield basic solutions: strong bases and weak acids
-salts that are from strong bases and weak acids hydrolyze producing a solution with a pH greater than 7
-the anion in the salt derived from a weak acid will accept a proton from the water in the reaction. water acts as an acid producing an OH- ion
-the cation will be from a strong base and will not affect the H+ (pH neutral)
salts that yield basic solution: why does the salt of a strong base and a weak acid such as NaF yield a basic solution?
-this acid depends on the strength of the conjugate base of an acid (ex: NaF contains F- ions which is a strong conjugate base of HF (a weak acid)
-the weaker the acid, the stronger the conjugate base (will have a higher affinity to pull H+ ions from H2O to stabilize F- ion)
pH of salts that yield basic solutions
-you can determine the pH of a solution containing an anion that acts as a weak base in the same way you use to determine the pH of a weak base solution
-you will be given Ka or pKa of the conjugate acid and you can use Ka x Kb = Kw or pKa + pKb = 14.00 to solve for Kb and the pH of the salt solution