Lecture Notes on Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Disorders

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to liver, biliary tract, and pancreas disorders, providing a focused study aid for exam preparation.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, caused by viral infections, alcohol, medications, chemicals, autoimmune diseases, or metabolic problems.

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

An RNA virus transmitted via fecal-oral route, leading to acute hepatitis; incidence has decreased due to vaccination.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

A DNA virus that is a blood-borne pathogen, transmitted through perinatal, percutaneous routes, and causing acute or chronic disease.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

An RNA virus primarily spread through blood, often associated with chronic infections and resultant liver disease.

Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)

A defective single-stranded RNA virus that requires HBV to replicate, lead to more severe liver diseases.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

An RNA virus transmitted via contaminated drinking water, causing acute hepatitis, more common in developing countries.

Acute Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas characterized by the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue and severe abdominal pain.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder, most often due to obstruction caused by gallstones.

Cirrhosis

End-stage liver disease resulting from chronic damage, leading to degeneration, fibrosis, and liver dysfunction.

Portal Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the portal venous system as a result of liver cirrhosis, leading to complications such as varices.