Chapter 22: Early Twentieth Century

Fauvism

A movement led by Henri Matisse known for its vigorous brushwork and use of bright colors.

Henri Matisse

Artist who led the Fauvist movement and emphasized personal expression through color and form.

Les Fauves

French for 'the wild beasts'; a group of painters including Matisse, known for bold colors and imaginative compositions.

Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)

A painting by Matisse featuring vibrantly pure hues and simplified shapes.

Andre Derain

A Fauve artist known for balancing brilliant colors with traditional composition.

London Bridge

A painting by Derain showcasing discordant colors and pointillist technique.

Expressionism

An artistic movement emphasizing bold execution and distortion to express inner emotions.

German Expressionism

A branch of Expressionism characterized by vivid simplification and dramatic color contrasts.

The Bridge (Die Brucke)

One of the two main groups of German Expressionism, focused on social themes and emotional intensity.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

A founder of The Bridge who utilized flat color areas from Fauvism in his expressive style.

Street, Berlin

A painting by Kirchner depicting crowded figures with an urban atmosphere.

Paula Modersohn-Becker

An Expressionist artist known for her unique style and mysterious self-portraits.

Wassily Kandinsky

An artist leading The Blue Rider group, focusing on spirituality and nonrepresentational imagery.

Composition IV

A nonrepresentational work by Kandinsky intended to evoke emotional responses.

Cubism

A movement discovered by Picasso and Braque that prioritizes pictorial composition over personal expression.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

A radical painting by Picasso that set the stage for Cubism.

Analytical Cubism

A phase of Cubism where subjects are analyzed from various angles and painted abstractly.

Synthetic Cubism

A phase of Cubism that incorporates color and collage elements, including everyday materials.

Violin, Fruit and Wineglass

A collage by Picasso that utilizes cut papers in a Cubist framework.

Constantin Brancusi

A sculptor known for his evolution towards abstraction and simplified forms.

Bird in Space

A sculpture by Brancusi that embodies the essence of flight through abstract forms.

Alfred Stieglitz

A photographer and gallery owner who elevated photography to an art form and influenced modern aesthetics.

The Steerage

A photograph by Stieglitz recognized for its abstract qualities and dynamic composition.

Georgia O'Keeffe

An artist known for her abstract works based on nature and emotional landscapes.

Evening Star No. VI

A watercolor painting by O’Keeffe inspired by her sighting of Venus.

Futurism

An art movement that celebrated speed, motion, and the machine, originating in Italy.

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

A sculpture by Boccioni symbolizing dynamic forms and energy in motion.

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

A painting by Duchamp that explores motion through abstract representations.