Executive Function: Introduction.-

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture 'Executive function: Introduction' including definitions of executive function, neuroplasticity, memory models, multitasking, mindsets, and the power of 'yet'.

What are the key components of Executive Function?

Working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control.

What is Neuroplasticity?

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

How does the brain strengthen or weaken neural pathways?

It strengthens pathways that are frequently used and unused pathways weaken and fade over time.

Why does neuroplasticity matter for learning?

Learning is a lifelong process, intelligence and skills are not fixed but can be developed, and it encourages a growth mindset.

According to the Forgetting Curve, how much information do we forget within one hour of learning?

About 50%.

What are the three boxes in the 3-box model of memory?

Sensory, Short-term, and Long-term memory.

What is the duration of sensory memory?

Only 1 to 4 seconds.

What is Short Term and Working Memory?

A system for temporarily storing and managing information to execute complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension.

What happens in the brain when you shift attention between tasks (multitasking)?

The prefrontal cortex and striatum burn up oxygenated glucose, causing mental fatigue, less productivity, and interrupting the flow state.

What is one recommendation to avoid being a 'Master Multitasker'?

Limit digital and physical distractions, close all tabs and apps, work on one thing, and limit items in your physical space.

What is the 'Primacy Effect' in memory?

Initial items are stored in long-term memory more efficiently, meaning you're more likely to remember information at the beginning of a sequence.

What is the 'Recency Effect' in memory?

The last few items are still in working memory and are readily available, meaning you're more likely to remember information at the end of a sequence.

How do stress and fear impact learning?

They can inhibit learning by activating the amygdala.

What is a Growth Mindset?

A belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort.

What is a Fixed Mindset?

A belief that abilities and intelligence are static and cannot change significantly.

What are characteristics of a Growth Mindset?

Embraces challenges, learns from feedback, believes effort leads to success, and is inspired by others' success.

What is the meaning of 'YET' in the context of a growth mindset?

'Up until right now' or 'something that may happen in the future,' implying that abilities can be developed over time (e.g., 'I am not good at YET').

What important brain region is extremely sensitive to growth through age 30 and is responsible for skills like planning and organizing?

The pre-frontal cortex.