Chemistry Unit 5

Anion

An ion with a negative charge because it has more electrons than protons.

Bond angle

The angle that forms between two bonds to a single atom.

Bond length

The distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are bonded to each other.

Cation

An ion with a positive charge because it has more protons than electrons.

Chemical bond

The forces that hold atoms or ions together in a compound.

Chemical structure

The way the compound’s atoms are bonded to make the compound.

Compound

Made of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Covalent bond

Atoms that are joined by sharing electrons.

Diatomic molecule

A molecule consisting of two atoms, typically they are the same element.

Double bond

Two pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms.

Intermolecular forces

Forces that exist between molecules, such as ion-dipole interactions, dispersion forces, dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding.

Intramolecular forces

Forces that hold one atom to another to form a new substance, such as ionic bonding, covalent bonding, metallic bonding.

Ion

An atom with an imbalance in protons and electrons.

Ionic bond

A bond that forms when electrons are transferred between two atoms.

Lone pair

Pairs of electrons that only belong to one atom and are not shared.

Molecule

A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Network solid

Solids with a very orderly pattern that tend to have very high melting points and boiling points.

Octet Rule

States that atoms want to achieve the electron configuration of a Noble Gas (they want eight valence electrons).

Single bond

One pair of electrons is shared by two atoms.

Space-filling model

Models that show the space the atoms take up or fill when in a compound.

Structural formula

It shows the structure of a compound.

Triple bond

Three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms.

Valence electron

The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

What subatomic particle determines the properties of an element?

Electron.

What is the name of an ionic compound formed from aluminum and sulfur?

Aluminum sulfide.

What do ionic compounds consist of?

Cations and anions.

What are the diatomic molecules?

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.

What is the name of an ionic compound between lithium and chlorine?

Lithium chloride.

Why are bond angles and bond lengths averages?

Atoms are constantly moving, changing bond lengths and angles slightly.

What is the name of an ionic compound formed from strontium and bromine?

Strontium bromide.

How does nitrogen obey the octet rule when forming compounds?

Nitrogen gains three electrons.

What does it mean to not obey the octet rule?

To have more or less electrons than eight valence electrons.

Name a pair of atoms that would form an ionic bond.

Any metal with a nonmetal.

How does calcium obey the octet rule when forming compounds?

Calcium loses 2 electrons.

What is the net charge of an ionic compound?

Zero.

Why do we use Roman numerals when writing the name for ionic compounds that use transition metals?

Transition metals can have multiple charges, so Roman numerals identify which charge exists in that compound.