Pharm Exam 3 Revised

What is the most commonly prescribed diuretic?

Furosemide/lasix

What two electrolytes decrease with furosemide?

Potassium and chlorine

Does blood glucose increase or decrease with furosemide/lasix

Increase

Which auditory assessment findings should the nurse focus on when assessing a patient receiving furosemide?

Tinnitus, furosemide, or hearing loss

How does furosemide interact with diabetic patients?

Furosemide raises blood sugar levels so blood glucose should be closely monitored in diabetic patients

What allergy should you watch for when giving a hydrochlorothiazide?

Sulfa allergy

Which type of diuretics work for intraocular and intracranial pressure?

Osmotic diuretics

Which type of diuretic is considered “potassium sparing?”

Spironolactone (aldactone)

What should you watch for when giving spironolactone/aldactone to men?

Gynecomastia/testosterone inhibition

What do all beta blockers end with?

-olol

What do all ACE inhibitors end with?

-pril

What do all ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) end with?

-sartan

What do most calcium channel blockers end with?

-dipine

What do alpha blockers end in?

-zosin

Potassium normal level

3.5-5

Magnesium normal level

1.3-2.1

Digoxin normal level

0.5-2.0

Total cholesterol normal level

150-200

High density lipoproteins desirable level

Greater than 60

Low density lipoproteins desirable level

Less than 100

Triglyceride ideal level

Less than 150

What is the action of A2 receptor blockers (ARBs)

Inhibit receptors that reduce norepinephrine release, dilate vessels, decrease aldosterone secretion

Which type of blood pressure medication should never be paired with an alpha 2 receptor blocker?

An ACE inhibitor

Which type of cardiac medication causes a cough?

ACE inhibitors

Adverse effects of A2 receptor blockers

Increased potassium levels, fetal injury in pregnant womenPr

Prototype drug for A2 receptor blockers

Losartan (Cozaar)

Action of calcium channel blockers

Decreasing muscle contraction, dilating vessels

What “effect” should you watch for with calcium channel blockers?

The grapefruit effect

What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, headache, edema

What is the antidote for calcium channel blockers?

Calcium OR glucagon and insulin.

What are the specific adverse effects of the calcium channel blocker Amlodipine/Norvasc?

Gingival hypertrophy, pedal edema, bad peripheral vasodilation

What is the action of ACE inhibitors?

Prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

What does angiotensin 2 do?

It is a potent vasoconstrictor and increases secretion of aldosterone