LIPIDS ANS 319

Lipids contain _____ more energy per gram than ______

2.25; carbs/proteins

Lipids are execellent

Energy Concentrates

Functions of lipids in the body

Energy storage, insulation, important component of cell membrane, makes hormones, supports vitamin absorption, cushions organs and nerves

Lipids _____ of the diet

increase the energy

Predominant form of lipids in starches?

Glycolipids and phospholipids

Predominant form of lipids in grain diets?

Triglycerides and free fatty acids

Glycerol based lipids

Characterized by having a glycerol back bone where fatty acids/other groups are attached

Fatty acids are linked to glycerol via _____ bonds

Ester

Glycolipids

fatty acids and monosaccharides are linked to one glycerol molecule via ester bonds

Phosolipids

two fatty acids and one phosphate group are attached via ester bonds

Fatty acids are made up of two things

a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain

Alpha end of carbon is the ______ group

carboxyl

the omega end is the _____ group

methyl

Fatty acids are classified based on ____ and ______

length; bonds between carbons

Short chain acids are ____ carbons long

less than 6

medium chain fatty acids are _______ carbons long

6-12

Long chain carbons are ______ carbons long

14-24

the melting point ____ as the chain length _____

increases

Saturated fatty acids have ____ bonds

ALL SINGLE BONDS

unsaturated fatty acids have ______ bonds

at least ONE double bond

monounsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds?

one double bond

polyunsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds

more than one double bond

Melting point ______ as number of double bonds ______

decreases; increases

Lipids are _____, while carbs and proteins are hydrophilic

Hydrophopic

Simple Method for naming fatty acids:

-Generic Name
-indicate length of carbons
-indicate # of double bonds

Name this Fatty acid via simple method

Linoleic acid 18:2

The Omega (w) includes…

-The simple method

-indicate position of first double bond

-count C from the carbon end

The Delta Method includes…

-simple method

-indicate positions of all double bonds

-count C from carboxyl end

Name this arachidonic acid according to D method

Arachidonic acid 20:4 (D) 5,8,11,14

Name this arachidonic acid according to omega method

Arachidonic acid 20:4 (w-60

CIS double bonds

most abundant form of double bonds; H atoms are on the same side of the carbon chain

TRANS double bonds

two H atoms are adjacent to the double bond on OPPOSITE sides of the chain

Conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids:

a pair of adjacent double bonds are seperated a single bondun

unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids:

adjacent double bonds are separated by ore than one single bond

Essential fatty acids

must be obtained in diet as body cannot adequately synthesize them

2 essential fatty acids

Linoleic (19:2, w-6)

linolenic (18:3, w-3)

What fatty acid is also essential in cats?

arachidonic acid

______ in the digestive system cleave either/both Sn1 or Sn3

Lipases

What is a lipase?

enzymes that digest lipids by breaking down esterbonds

If lipases cleave either Sn1 or Sn3, what is left?

Free fatty acids and a diglyceride molecule

if lipases cleave both Sn1 and Sn3, what is left behind?

Free fatty acids and a monoglyceride

In monogastrics, ______ is secreted by _____ glands

lingual lipase; ebner’s glands