Endocrine and Pediatrics first line**

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering endocrine disorder treatments and pediatric conditions based on lecture notes.

Metformin

The 1st line treatment for DM; it is considered safe, does not cause hypoglycemia, and is safe in pregnancy.

Diabetes Mellitus (AIC $\ge 9$) treatment

Add insulin to metformin when the AIC level reaches this threshold.

Type 1 diabetes treatment

Treated with basal insulin, which is safe in pregnancy.

Hypoglycemia treatment

Administer 4 oz orange juice or glucagon.

Hypothyroid treatment

levothyroxine

Hyperthyroid treatment

methimazole or PTU (PTU preferred in first trimester of pregnancy)

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) treatment

metformin or combination oral contraceptive; Spironolactone is used for hirsutism.

Addisons (adrenal insufficiency) treatment

hydrocortisone or prednisone (“ADD steriods”)

Hyperprolactinemia treatment

cabergoline or bromocriptine (dopamine agonist to decrease prolactin)

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A condition where the body cannot hold onto water, causing the patient to pee frequently; treated with desmopressin ($ADH$).

PEDS SECTION (everything under)

OM (Otitis Media) treatment

amox $90\,\text{mg/kg/day}$; use Azithromycin if there is an allergy to PCN.

Strep pharyngitis treatment

amox or Penicillin V; alternatives include Azithro or Clinda.

Pertussis treatment

azithro; alternative treatment is Bactrim.

Croup

A viral infection causing swelling of the upper airway (larynx / trachea); treated with dexamethasone and epi.

RSV bronchiolitis

A viral condition.

5th disease

A viral condition.

Kawasaki disease treatment

IV immunoglobulin ($IVIG$) and ASA (aspirin); noted as the ONLY time aspirin can be given.

Aspirin cannot be given to

Kids under 12 due to possible reye disease

Hand-foot-mouth treatment

acetaminophen and NSAIDS; NO aspirin should be used.

Scarlet fever treatment

penicillin VK or amoxici

Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorium treatment

Erythromycin

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorium treatment

ceftriaxone

Absence seizures treatment

Ethosuximide

Nocturnal enuresis treatment

Lifestyle changes followed by desmopressin.

Pediatric Depression treatment

fluoxetine is 1st line; sertraline is 2nd line.

Lead Levels ($> 45$) treatment

Chelation therapy