FINAL 3.2 - PEPTIDE HORMONES AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (PH 111.1)

Inhibits the release of GH from the pituitary (Hypothalamus hormone)

Somatostatin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Endocrine gland)

Anterior pituitary gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH) (Endocrine gland)

Anterior pituitary gland

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (Endocrine gland)

Anterior pituitary gland

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (Endocrine gland)

Anterior pituitary gland

Growth hormone (GH) (Endocrine gland)

Anterior pituitary gland

Meaning of ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Meaning of LH

Luteinizing hormone

Meaning of FSH

Follicle stimulating horone

Meaning of TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Meaning of GH

Growth hormone

Stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

In women, stimulates the production of sex hormones; in men, stimulates testosterone production in the testes (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

In women, stimulates follicle development; in men, stimulates sperm production (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates the release of thyroid hormone (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Promotes the body’s growth and development (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Growth hormone (GH)

Controls milk production (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Prolactin

Vasopressin (Endocrine gland)

Posterior pituitary gland

Oxytocin (Endocrine gland)

Posterior pituitary gland

Helps control the body’s water and electrolyte levels (Posterior pituitary hormones)

Vasopressin

Promotes uterine contraction during labor and activates milk ejection in nursing women (Anterior pituitary hormones)

Oxytocin

Cortisol (Endocrine gland)

Adrenal cortex

Aldosterone (Endocrine gland)

Adrenal cortex

Helps control carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism; protects against stress (Adrenal cortex hormones)

Cortisol

Helps control the body’s water and electrolyte regulation (Adrenal cortex hormones)

Aldosterone

Estrogen (produced by the follicle) (Endocrine gland)

Ovaries

Progesterone (produced by the corpus luteum) (Adrenal cortex hormones)

Ovaries

Stimulates the development of the female reproductive organs (Ovary hormones)

Estrogen (produced by the follicle)

Prepares uterus for pregnancy and mammary glands for lactation (Ovary hormones)

Progesterone (produced by the corpus luteum)

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) (Endocrine gland)

Thyroid gland

Calcitonin (Endocrine gland)

Thyroid gland

Controls metabolic processes in all cells (Thyroid gland hormones)

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Helps control calcium metabolism (lowers calcium levels) (Thyroid gland hormones)

Calcitonin

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Endocrine gland)

Parathyroid gland

Helps control calcium metabolism (increases calcium levels) (Parathyroid gland hormones)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Insulin (Endocrine gland)

Pancreas

Glucagon (Endocrine gland)

Pancreas

Helps control carbohydrate metabolism (lowers blood sugar levels) (Pancreatic hormones)

Insulin

Helps control carbohydrate metabolism (increases blood sugar levels) (Pancreatic hormones)

Glucagon

From the Greek word “stereos” which means solid

Sterols

Most widely occurring sterol; first isolated from human gallstones; one of the chief constituents of lanolin (Types of sterols)

Cholesterol

Principal sterol in fungi; also known as pro-vitamin D2 (Types of sterols)

Ergosterol

The most common sterol in plants (Types of sterols)

B-sitosterol

Sex hormones and adrenocortical hormones are examples of __________

Steroid hormones

Estrogens, progestins, and androgens are examples of __________ (Steroid hormones)

Sex hormones

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are examples of __________ (Steroid hormones)

Adrenocortical hormones

Cortisone and hydrocortisone are examples of __________ (Adrenocortical steroids)

Glucocorticoids

Desoxycorticosterone and aldosterone are examples of __________ (Adrenocortical steroids)

Mineralocorticoids

Functions primarily to restore a balance of sodium and potassium in body fluids and to restore kidney function in cortical deficiency (Adrenocortical steroids - mineralocorticoids)

Desoxycorticosterone/Desoxycortone

Condition wherein the adrenal glands do not make enough cortisol (Adrenal gland diseases)

Addison’s disease

Used to treat RA, Addison’s disease, and certain allergic and asthmatic conditions; has sodium retaining property (Adrenocortical steroids - glucocorticoids)

Cortisone

The principal glucocorticoid of the adrenal cortex; has sodium retention property (Adrenocortical steroids - glucocorticoids)

Cortisol/Hydrocortisone

__________ and ___________ is water soluble; used in parenteral preparations when IV administration is indicated (Hydrocortisone products)

Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate, Hydrocortisone succinate

__________ and ____________ are exocrine as well as endocrine in function (Gonads)

Ovaries, Testes

Development of ovarian follicles and formation of ova and estrogen; development of testes and the maturation of the spermatozoa (Gonad hormones)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Development of corpora lutea in the ovarian follicles after ovulation; formation of progesterone by the corpora lutea; production of androgen in the matured testis (Gonad hormones)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

____________ refers to the male hormones

Androgens

__________ refers to the female hormones

Estrogens

The active male hormone; not administered orally (Gonad hormones)

Testosterone

Endocrine gland situated on each lateral pelvic wall in the posterior layer of the broad ligament behind and below the lateral extremity of each fallopian tube (oviduct)

Ovary

3 major estrogenic hormones (EEE)

Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone )