Spanish Language and Communication Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering language functions, communication elements, discourse types, Spanish grammar, orthography rules, and reading comprehension strategies.

What is the definition of language according to the notes?

A structured system (set of signs used by human groups) that allows us to share information.

What are the six elements that participate in the communication process?

1. The sender, 2. The receiver, 3. The message, 4. The channel, 5. The code, and 6. The context.

What characterizes the Referential Function (also known as Informative or Representative)?

It is used to refer to external factors of the communicative process to transmit objective data from reality without the sender providing an opinion.

What is the primary goal of the Appellative (or Conative) Function?

To generate a reaction in the receiver and influence their behavior, often through orders, suggestions, or advertising.

What defines the Poetic (or Aesthetic) Function?

A focus on the form of the message using literary resources and stylisms to make the information more striking or generate a reaction.

On what is the Emotive (or Expressive) Function centered?

It is centered on the sender's states of mind, feelings, and the 'I'.

What is the purpose of the Phatic (or Relational) Function?

To verify that the communication channel is functioning correctly rather than to inform.

When is the Metalinguistic Function used?

When the sender and receiver reflect on and analyze the language itself, such as offering a definition or making a correction.

How is 'Discourse' defined in the notes?

A set of words and phrases (spoken or written) employed to communicate thoughts or emotions.

What is the objective of Descriptive Discourse?

To define the traits or attributes of a person, place, or event to create a vivid mental image for the receiver.

What is the structure of Narrative Discourse?

Introduction, Development/Knot, and Outcome (Desenlace).

What is the purpose of Argumentative Discourse?

To convince the reader or listener that a specific posture is valid or correct using foundations and persuasion strategies.

What is the structure of an Argumentative text?

Introduction/Approach, Thesis/Proposition, and Conclusion/Synthesis.

What distinguishes Expository Discourse from other forms?

It offers explicit, objective information on a specific topic without the author's opinion or the need for arguments to convince.

In Spanish grammar, what is the logical order for constructing a sentence?

Subject + Verb + Predicate.

What is the rule of Concordance for nouns and adjectives?

Nouns and adjectives must always match in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).

Define the grammatical category of a 'Pronoun'.

A word that substitutes for a noun to avoid repetition (e.g., yo, tú, él, ella).

What is the accentuation rule for 'Agudas' words?

They carry a tilde if they end in a vowel, 'n', or 's'.

What is the accentuation rule for 'Llanas' words?

They carry a tilde if they end in a consonant other than 'n' or 's'.

When do 'Esdrújulas' and 'sobresdrújulas' carry a tilde?

They always carry a tilde.

When is the letter 'b' written before a consonant?

It is written before any consonant (e.g., brazo, bloque) and specifically in the groups 'bl' and 'br'.

What is the spelling rule for 'v' related to its placement after other consonants?

It is written after 'n', 'd', or 'b' (e.g., invierno, adverbio).

How are plurals of nouns ending in 'z' formed in Spanish?

The 'z' changes to 'c', ending in -ces (e.g., nueces, luces).

When should the letter 'r' represent the multiple alveolar vibrant phoneme /rr/?

At the beginning of a word (e.g., rosa) and after consonants 'b', 'l', 'n', 's' when it starts a syllable.

What is the 'economy of attention' mentioned in reading comprehension notes?

The concept that platforms design systems to capture and fragment attention as long as possible through dopaminergic rewards.

What are three concrete elements mentioned to improve deep reading?

Reading complex texts on paper, using distraction blockers, and practicing 'slow thinking'.