Exam 2 ARH 151

What kind of representation does this fragment show?

Optical Representation

Stonehenge is made of two concentric circles of _____.

Megaliths

Why did Egyptian tombs artists want to make art that would stand the test of time?

because the sculptures held the soul (ka) of their deceased if mummification failed

During Akhenaton’s reign in the Armana period, the artistic style was ____.

more naturalistic, with curing lines and full bodied forms

What culture was known for art for worship of the dead?

Egyptians

The Venus of Wilendorf was:

-A 4” sculpture featuring a rounded female form

-Hypothesized to be a fertility figure

Stylistically, the Hall of Bulls is noted for ____.

naturalism and use of foreshortening

After Akhenaton’s death, artistic style ___.

returned to the rigid stylization of previous Egyptian periods

The Great Pyramids at Giza were ___.

built with massive blocks and surfaced with limestone

Figures in Egyptian art were rendered according to

a canon of proportions

The republican period of Rome was known for ____ in sculpture.

realism

What architectural innovations did the Romans introduce?

-use of the arch

-the use of concrete to replace cut stone

-Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles

Late classical sculpture was ____ while Early classical sculpture was ____>

naturalistic and expressive of emotion; rigid and severe

Characteristics of the geometric period include:

-predominance of geometric shapes and patterns

-Human figures are more decorative than naturalistic

-conceptual representation

Much of what we know about Greek sculpture is because

it was extensively copied by the Romans

the concept of humanism began with which culture?

greeks

Greek sculpture reached its height during the _____ period.

classical

How is the Hellenistic period different from the Classical period?

sculpture became more theatrical and used illusionistic effects to heighten realism

Empire period Roman sculpture combines

classical Greek idealism and republican period realism

Which of the following are true of the Archaic period?

-Vase painting flourished

-sculpture was the principal art form

-The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian style orders were established

human figures took center stage over geometric patterns

What makes the massive dome of Hagia Sophia appear light and graceful?

rows of arched windows at its base

Most Gothic and Romanesque sculpture was _____.

decoration of cathedral portals

Early Christian art featured _____.

intricate patterns and stylized crosses

The iconography of church sculpture moved from messages of damnation during Romanesque period to ____ during the Gothic period.

redemption

Gothic architecture style is characterized by

-ceilings that appeared to soar to the heavens

-use of stained glass windows that let plenty of light in

-point arches, pinnacles, and columns

Romanesque cathedrals needed to be:

-fireproof after years of hostile invasions that decimated wood churches

-big enough to accommodate large crowds

Which of the following is NOT true of Old St. Peters?

it featured a symmetrical central plan

Which leader established the Carolingian Period?

Charlemagne

Which of the following is NOT true of Byzantine mosaic figures, especially those in Justinian and the Attendants?

they are realistic and true to life, as if the men were actually standing with worshippers.

What was the goal of Romanesque sculptors?

conveying Christian and biblical messages to worshippers

Which image primarily appeals to the senses, rather than the intellect, due to its interaction of colors and contrast of textures?

Image A

Which of the following statements is true of genre painting?

came out of northern europe and focused on everyday people doing everyday things

Which of these images demonstrates the artist’s preference for mythological themes?

image B

the renaissance saw a revival of all the following except

spirituality and the divine

which of these “the last supper” paintings captures gestures and movement, anticipating the baroque style?

image B

_____ painted the Madonna and Child many times over, but some of his most impressive artworks, such as the School of Athens, were made for papal apartments at the vatican. He was a skilled muralist.

Raphael

Manuscript illumination was the beginning of realism, symbolism, and complicated imagery found in ____ paintings.

northern renaissance

Which style abandons observing nature to copy art instead, creating “secondhand” depictions of the world?

mannerism

Which artist is well-known for combining mysticism and realism?

El Greco

this image emphasizes the Renaissance concept of

the idealized beauty of the human body

Which style is characterized by sweetness, gaiety, and light?`

Rococo

Rembrandt’s works, including paintings and prints, focused on

introspection and psychology

how did ceiling decoration during the baroque period differ from the renaissance?

Baroque ceiling painting removed the dividing frames, creating the illusion that a ceiling vault opened up to the heavens

Bernini’s David exemplifies Baroque art in that:

-we must move around the sculpture to understand it fully

-david appears in motion, in the process of fight

-we the viewer must complete the action david has begun, introducing the element of time

How does this image exemplify Vermeer’s work?

all elements of the scene are carefully positioned. It depicts a quiet moment of everyday life.

Characteristics of Baroque art include all except the following

everyday life

While Dutch artists were painting scenes from everyday life, Flemish artists

continued painting mythological and religious scenes, as was popular in Italy.

Louis XIV of France established the Académie d’Art, which perpetuated which style, which was his preference?

classicism

The harsh and theatrical “spotlight” effect favored by Baroque artists is called ___.

tenebrism

What do these images have in common?

• use of tenebrism

• a vibrant palette

• caught in the moment action

How does this image exemplify its style era?

it is rococo, exemplified by a soft, pastel palette, a sense of frivolity, and softy lighting

Which artist preferred to work with society’s outcasts to make the scenes he painted?

Caravaggio

What Baroque techniques did Velazquez borrow from Italian counterparts?

high contrasts in lights and darks, and a deep illusionistic space

A ____ is a tall tower of a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer.

Minaret

Where were bronze ceremonial vessels from the Shang Dynasty found?

royal tombs

Early mosques avoided:

-ornamentation

-symbols

the Shang dynasty culture was known for

accomplished metalwork

The Khmer kings who built Angkor Wat believed

they would be reabsorbed by their personal gods

A _____ is a niche in the wall facing Mecca that provides a focus of worship

Mihbrab

Which of the following Islamic architectural achievements is located at a jewish sacred site

Dome of the Rock

Which civilization is best known for colossal stone heads?

Olmec

Which two ambitious works came out of the Qin Dynasty?

-The terra-cotta army

-the great wall

Shang rulers inherited their ruling positions, claimed authority from the divine, and filled their tombs with precious objects, much like the ____.

Egyptians

Though he is considered the greatest painter of the Neoclassical and Romantic periods, ____ belonged to neither group

Goya

_____ sought extremes of emotion through virtuoso brushwork and a brilliant color palette

Romanticism

The impressionists:

-studied and hoped to capture the effects of atmosphere and light

-advocated painting outdoors in nature

-rejected the constraints of the academy style and subject matter

What was the Salon des Refuses?

an exhibition of art rejected by the yearly Salon art exhibit

Which style came about in opposition to the whimsy of late Rococo style?

Neoclassicism

_____, the style of painting that had the least impact on the development of modern art, was most popular during its time.

Academic art

Edgar Degas was strongly influenced by

photography

Characteristics of Neoclassicism painting include:

-a balance of emotion and restraint

-idealized facial features and bodies

-a rich color palette

-drama and theatricality

How was Manet’s approach to painting different?

he started with a white surface and built the surface from there

Who advocated for synthetism?

Gauguin

Match the image to the style

a. neoclassicism

b. romanticism

match the artist to the innovation in painting that moved towards abstraction

a. Manet

b. Monet

c. Seurat

d. Cezanne

1. flatly painted forms

2. highly patterned compositions

3. drastic collapsing of space

4. the separation of light into spectral components

a with 1

b with 4

c with 2

d with 3

Why was this work so shocking?

The men were clothed, but the women were nude, and one looks directly at the viewer.

the ____ were more subdued in their color palette and stuck to more sculptural forms, while the ____ were more painterly and adopted more vibrant color palettes and aggressive brushwork. `

Poussinistes; Rubenists

Which expressionist movement focused on the contrasts and combinations of abstract forms and pure colors?

Der Blaue Reiter

How were the Fauves different than 19th century artists?

they evoked light through color contrasts, negated shadow, and used color to construct forms

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cubism?

expressive and lyrical use of color

Which of the following describes the characteristics of Fauvist works?

-Bold, linear patterning was common

-they favored harsh, non-descriptive color

-abstracted perspectives and forms were inspired by artwork from Africa, Polynesia, and non-Western cultures

-they sought a more direct form of expression, unencumbered by theory

which of the following are the main 20th century expressionist movements?

-Der Blaue Reiter

-New Objectivity

-Die Brucke

Which form of surrealism focused on irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and metamorphoses of the dream state?

illusionistic

which art movement responded to the absurdity of war by embracing nonsense art

Dada

Which of the following artists was most influential to Cubism?

Paul Cezanne

How does this work fit with Fauvist characteristics?

-the color is used structurally, decoratively, and expressively

-the space is flattened and collapsed

Which artists, influenced by Cubism, reduced forms to lines and planes, and his palette to primary colors?

Piet Mondrian

Which artistic movement relies on collage and found elements?

synthetic cubism

Which group amplified the idea that “form followed function”?

the Bauhaus

Which style does this painting reflect?

futurism and cubism

Cubism and Futurism always contain traces of representation, no matter how abstract they appear. They do not completely abandon subject matter. True or false?

true