unit I terms

anatomy

study of body structure

physiology

study of body function

homeostasis

maintenance of stable internal conditions

set point

normal target value in homeostasis

negative feedback

responses reverses a change

positive feedback

response amplifies a change

movement

motion of body or internal structures

responsiveness

ability to sense and react to stimuli

digestion

breakdown of food into absorbable molecules

excretion

removal of metabolic waste

growth

increase in size

metabolism

all chemical reactions in the body

reproduction

production of new cells or offspring

cranial cavity

contains the brain

vertebral cavity

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

abdominal cavity

contains digestive organs

pelvic cavity

contains bladder and reproductive organs

anterior

front

posterior

back

superior

above

inferior

below

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

farther from trunk

sagittal plane

divides left and right

midsagittal plane

divides equal left and right

coronal plane

divides front and back

transverse plane

divides top and bottom

covalent bond

electrons shared

ionic bond

electrons transferred

hydrogen bond

weak attraction between molecule

polarity

uneven charge distribution in a molecule

surface tension

cohesion at water’s surface

high heat of vaporization

water absorbs much heat before evaporating

acid

increases hydrogen ion concentration

base

decreases hydrogen ion concentration

buffer

stabilizes pH

enzyme

protein catalyst

activation energy

energy needed to start a reaction

denaturation

loss of protein shape and function

anabolism

building larger molecules

catabolism

breaking down molecules

carbohydrates

quick energy source

lipids

long-term energy storage

proteins

structure and enzymes

nucleic acids

genetic material

cell membrane

selectively permeable boundary

phospholipid bilayer

structure of membrane

nucleus

contains DNA

ribosome

protein synthesis

rough ER

modifies proteins

smooth ER

lipid synthesis and detoxification

golgi apparatus

packages and ships proteins

mitochondria

ATP production

lysosome

digestion of waste

cytoplasm

internal fluid and organelles

cytoskeleton

structural support

diffusion

movement from high to low concentration

osmosis

diffusion of water

facilitated diffusion

passive transport using proteins

active transport

movement against gradient using ATP

isotonic

equal solute concentration

hypotonic

lower solute outside cell

hypertonic

higher solute outside cell

crenation

cell shrinking in hypertonic solution