Nervous System Anatomy and Brain Structures

This flashcard set covers the anatomical classification of white and gray matter, external and internal structures of the brain (cerebral, diencephalon, and brainstem), and the layers and spaces of the meninges.

White matter

Regions that have Myelin.

Gray matter

Regions that have the absence of myelin.

Myelin function

Serves as insulation on the axon.

Cortex

The gray matter found on the exterior surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Thalamus and hypothalamus composition

Mainly composed of gray matter.

Interior of cerebrum and cerebellum

The location where white matter is found.

Superior and lateral cerebral lobes

Includes the Frontal lobe, Occipital lobe, Parietal lobe, and Temporal lobe.

Inferior cerebral structures

Includes the Olfactory bulb, Olfactory tract, optic tract, Optic nerve, and Optic chiasm.

Internal cerebral structures

Includes the Corpus callosum, Fornix, Septum pellucidum, and Superior sagittal sinus.

Diencephalon structures

Includes the Thymus, Hypothalamus, Pineal gland, Hypophysis (pituitary gland), Infundibulum, Intermediate mass of thalamus, and Mamillary body.

Hypophysis

The pituitary gland.

Brainstem structures

Includes the Medulla oblongata, Midbrain, Pons, Cerebral aqueduct, Corporal quadrigemina, Inferior colliculus, and Superior colliculus.

Meninges function

To aid In the protection of the brain.

Three layers of meninges (outer to inner)

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Epidural space

Found between the dura mater and the periosteum of the vertebrae.

Subarachnoid space content

Filled with Cerebrolspinal fluid.