Anatomical Structures Practice Flashcards

Flashcards based on anatomical structures identified in medical lecture notes and practice tests.

Ansa cervicalis

A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus.

Inferior frontal sulcus

A sulcus between the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus.

Common hepatic duct

The duct formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts.

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

The muscle responsible for abducting the vocal folds.

Corpus callosum

A large bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Arbor vitae (of cerebellum)

The cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance.

Median nerve

A nerve in humans and other animals in the upper limb.

Gastroduodenal artery

A small blood artery in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus and the proximal part of the duodenum.

Sacrotuberous ligament

A ligament situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis.

Trigeminal impression

A specific area on the petrous part of the temporal bone for the trigeminal ganglion.

Optic chiasm

An X-shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves in the brain.

Tibial nerve

A branch of the sciatic nerve that passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus.

Lacrimal sac

The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct.

Internal jugular vein

A paired jugular vein that collects blood from the brain and the superficial parts of the face and neck.

Superficial palmar branch

A branch of the radial artery that arises just before the artery leaves the forearm.

Trigone of urinary bladder

A smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice.

Sphenomandibular ligament

A flat, thin band which is attached superiorly to the spina angularis of the sphenoid bone.

Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

A plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles of the brain.

Right hypogastric nerve

A nerve that provides sympathetic innervation to the pelvic viscera.

Genu of internal capsule

The 'bend' of the internal capsule located between the anterior and posterior limbs.

Pectinate muscle

Parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart.

Transverse ligament of knee

A ligament that connects the anterior margins of the medial and lateral menisci.

Straight gyrus

A portion of the inferior frontal lobe located on the medial side of the olfactory sulcus.

Basilar sulcus

The groove on the ventral surface of the pons which lodges the basilar artery.

Mylohyoid muscle

A muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity.

Coracobrachialis muscle

The smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula.

Mandibular fossa

The depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Posterior cusp of mitral valve

One of the two flaps of the mitral valve in the heart.

Posterior commissure

A rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct.

Great cerebral vein

One of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum.

Superior costal facet

A site donde the head of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebra.

Splenic artery

The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen.

Right vertebral artery

Major artery of the neck that originates from the subclavian artery.

Coracoid process

A small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula.

Arch of cricoid cartilage

The anterior, narrower portion of the cricoid cartilage.

Anterior cruciate ligament

A key ligament in the knee that helps stabilize the joint.

Pectoralis minor muscle

A thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the pectoralis major.

Phrenic nerve

A nerve that originates in the neck and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.

Ischial spine

A thin pointed triangular eminence on the posterior border of the body of the ischium.

Inferior mesenteric artery

The third main branch of the abdominal aorta, supplying the large intestine.

External intercostal muscle

Muscles that aid in inhalation by lifting the ribs.

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain.

Mammillary body

A pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain that form part of the limbic system.

Right pulmonary veins

Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium.

Posterior communicating artery

A branch of the internal carotid artery that participates in the circle of Willis.

Foramen spinosum

A small opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.

Brachia of colliculi

Connecting tracts between the colliculi and the geniculate bodies.

Superficial temporal artery

A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery.

Arcuate artery

Vessels of the renal circulation located at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla.

Cervix of uterus

The lower, narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

Deep dorsal vein of penis

A vein that lies subfascially in the mid-line of the penis.

Interpendicular fossa

A somewhat rhomboid-shaped area of the base of the brain, limited in front by the optic chiasma.

Brachioradialis

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow.

Ductus deferens

The tiny muscular tube in the male reproductive system that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

Semilunar folds of large intestine

Folds of the wall of the colon between the haustra.

Tensor tympani muscle

A muscle within the middle ear.

Inferior semilunar lobule

A part of the cerebellum located on the inferior surface.

Rhinal sulcus

A sulcus that separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe.

Posterolateral sulcus

The groove in the spinal cord into which the posterior nerve roots enter.

Bulb of penis

The enlarged proximal part of the corpus spongiosum.

Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus

The part of the inferior frontal gyrus between the ascending and horizontal rami of the lateral sulcus.

Tectorial membrane

A membrane in the inner ear that covers the organ of Corti.

Uterine tube isthmus

The narrow, medial third of the uterine tube.

Left gastric artery

An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the lower part of the esophagus and part of the stomach.

Superior mesenteric vein

A blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine.

Medial geniculate body

A part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.

Tentorium cerebelli

An extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

Hepatic portal vein

A vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Uvula of cerebellum

A part of the cerebellar vermis situated on the inferior surface.

Pterygoid fovea

A small depression on the neck of the condyle of the mandible for the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Ophthalmic artery

The first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus.

Incus

A small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes.

Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

The posterior part of the occipitofrontalis muscle.

Acromioclavicular ligament

A ligament that joins the acromion of the scapula to the clavicle.

Retina

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye.

Thoraco-acromial artery

A short trunk that arises from the axillary artery.

Transverse palatine folds

Irregular ridges in the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the hard palate.

Ulnar collateral ligament

A thick triangular band at the medial aspect of the elbow.

Deep artery of thigh

A large branch of the femoral artery that supplies the thigh muscles.

Groove for descending aorta

An impression on the medial surface of the left lung.

Buccal branch of facial nerve

Nerve branches that supply the buccinator muscle and the muscles of the upper lip.

Palatomaxillary suture

The suture between the palatine bone and the maxilla.

Obex

The point on the midline of the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata where the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal.

Anterior commissure

A bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline.

Soleal line

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia.

Intertransverse ligament

Ligaments that connect the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Serratus anterior muscle

A muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest.

Pupil

The black circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Coracoacromial ligament

A strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion.

Opening of coronary sinus

The point where the coronary sinus enters the right atrium.

Supraspinatus muscle

A relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Mental foramen

One of two foramina located on the anterior surface of the mandible.

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm.

Nucleus pulposus

The jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc.

Ligamentum arteriosum

A small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus.

Promontory of sacrum

The uppermost and most anterior part of the sacrum.

Right coronary artery

Artery supplying the right side of the heart.

Triangular fossa of ear

A shallow depression of the auricle between the crura of the antihelix.

Posterior nasal spine

A sharp spine formed by the junction of the two palatine bones.

Internal carotid artery

Major paired artery that supplies the brain.