[PERIODIC TABLE] Development & Periodic Trends

Proverbs 16:3

Dobereiner

[DEVELOPMENT]

Classifying elements was initially done for only a selected few, just like when _____ grouped a few elements into three (aka triads) based on atomic mass.

• de Chancoutois (telluric helix)

• Newlands (law of octaves)

[DEVELOPMENT]
Initial attempts of the entire periodic table started with ____ [2]

Mendeleev and Meyer

[DEVELOPMENT]
_____ and _____ independently made their own versions of the periodic table using atomic mass, and atomic volume , respectively (they ended up being similar since the atom’s volume is derived from its mass anyway).

Moeseley

[DEVELOPMENT]
Several decades after, ______ used the surge in new knowledge about the atom to change the basis of the periodic table from atomic number.

• Rows are called periods

• Columns are called groups

• Four blocks exist based on the azimuthal number

  • Representative elements → s and p blocks

  • Transition elements → d block

  • Lanthanides and actinides → f block

Figure 3 . Simplified periodic table, sequenced by atomic number

Rows

Periods

a. Rows

b. Columns

Columns

Groups

a. Rows

b. Columns

Representative elements

s and p blocks

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

Transition elements

d block

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

f block

f block

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

Scandium

eka-Boron

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Gallium

eka -Aluminum

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Germanium

eka-Silicon

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Technetium

eka-Manganese

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Francium

eka-Cesium

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Atomic size

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The size/radius of an atom

Ionization energy (IE)

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Electron affinity

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The energy released when an electron is added to an atom

Electronegativity

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The ability of an atom to attract an electron itself

Metallic and non-metallic strength

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The observable properties that arise from their relative positions in the periodic table (see table 11)

Property	Bottom to top	Left to right
Ionization energy	Increases	Increases
Electron affinity	Increases	Increases
Electronegativity	Increases	Increases
Nonmetallic property	Increases	Increases
Metallic property	Decreases	Decreases
Atomic size	Decreases	Decreases

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Possess shiny luster

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Do not have luster

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Malleable

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Brittle

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Good conductors of heat and electricity

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Reducing agent

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Oxidizing agents

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Form basic compounds

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Form acidic compounds

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Cations ins aqueous solution

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Anions in aqueous solution

a. Metals

b. Non-metals