ch 52

Climate and mountains

Mountains influenced airflow over land and affect climate and surrounding areas

zonation in aquatic biomes

1) Photic zone

2) Aphotic Zone

3) Pelagic Zone

4) Abyssal Zone

5) Benthic Zone

6) thermocline

7) turnover

Organismal ecology

Includes physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology

Population ecology

Analyzes factors affecting population size and why it changes over time

Community ecology

Examines the affect of interspecific interactions on community structure, and organization

Ecosystem ecology

Emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

Landscape ecology

Focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems

Global ecology

Examines how the exchange of energy and materials influences the function and distribution of organisms across the biosphere

Photic Zone

Light → photosynthesis

Aphotic zone

Dark → low life

Pelagic zone

Open water (photic + Aphotic)

Abyssal zone

Deepest, cold, high pressure

Benthic Zone

Bottom, benthos, detritus food source

Thermocline

Temperature boundary

Turnover

seasonal mixing → Nutrients + oxygen

Tropical forest

Warm, wet, high biodiversity

Desert

Dry, extreme temps, drought adapted organisms

Savanna

Warm, seasonal rain, grasses, plus big herbivores

Chaparral

coastal, fire- prone, shrubs

temperate grassland

Seasonal, fertile soils, grazing mammals

Coniferous forest

cold, conifer trees, largest biome

Temperate broadleaf forest

Seasonal, deciduous trees

Tundra

Cold, permafrost, low vegetation

Lakes

varies in size, seasonal thermocline; tropical lowland

Oligotrophic lakes

Nutrient poor and O2 rich

Eutrophic lakes

Nutrient rich and O2 poor

Wetlands

Shallow basins, long riverbanks, and coast of large lakes, and seas

Streams/ rivers

Headwater = cold/ fast

Downstream = warm/ slow

Estuaries

Nutrient, rich, and productive transition zone between a river and the sea

Intertidal zones

periodically, submerged, and exposed by the tides

Biotic factors (living)

Pollinators, food, parasites/ pathogens, competing organisms

Abiotic factors (non living)

Temp, water, oxygen, salinity, sunlight, soil