DNA Biology 30

What is the primary function of DNA

To store and transmit genetic information

What are the building blocks of the DNA

Nucleotides

What are the three parts of the Nucleotides

Phosphate group, deoxyriboise sugar, nitrogenous base

What are the four nitrogenous bases

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

What bases pair together

A-T, C-G

What bonds hold the complementary bases together

hydrogen bonds

How many bonds hold A-T together

2 H+ bonds

How many bonds hold C-G together

3 H+ bonds

Who discovered DNA double helix structure

James Watson and Francis Crick

Whos x-ray work heavlily contributed ti the discovery of DNA structure

Rosalind Franklin

What shape is DNA

Double Helix

What does anti-parallel mean

Two strands running in opposite directions

What is a gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or functional RNA

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Primarily in the nucleus

What are Chromosomes

Condensed structures made of DNA and Proteins

What is Chromatin

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

What is DNA replication

The process of copying DNA before cell division

When does DNA replication occur

During the S phase of interphase

Which enzyme unzips the DNA double helix

Helicase

Which enzyme adds new nucleotides during replication?

DNA polymerase

Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand

What is transcription

The process of making mRNA from a DNA template

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

In the nucleus

What enzyme carries out transcrpition

RNA polymerase

What is mRNA

Messenger RNA; carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes

What is translation

The process of building proteins from mRNA instructions

Where does translation occur

at ribosomes in the cytoplasam

What is a codon

A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

What is a Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that may affect protein production

True or False:

Codon = 3 bases = 1 amino acid

True

True or False:

Translation: DNA —> mRNA

False

Transcription: DNA —> mRNA

Translation: mRNA —> proteins