BIOSCI 107 Lecture 1 - Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary from BIOSCI 107 Lecture 1 on cells, tissues, and human organ systems.

Cells

Basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Organelle involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Organelle studded with ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis.

Mitochondrion

Organelles known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell; produce ATP.

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Microfilament

Thin filaments in the cytoskeleton that aid in cellular movement and shape.

Centriole

Cell structure involved in cell division; helps organize microtubules.

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

Lysosome

Organelles containing enzymes for breaking down waste materials.

Epithelial tissue

Type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Connective tissue

Tissue that supports, binds together, and protects organs.

Muscle tissue

Tissue composed of cells that can contract to cause movement.

Nervous tissue

Tissue that makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Integumentary system

System that includes skin, hair, nails, and glands.

Muscular system

System responsible for body movement, posture, and heat production.

Skeletal system

System providing structure, support, and protection to the body.

Nervous system

System that controls body functions through electrical signals.

Endocrine system

System that secretes hormones to regulate bodily activities.

Lymphatic and immune system

System that defends against pathogens and maintains fluid balance.

Cardiovascular system

System that transports blood, nutrients, gases, and waste.

Respiratory system

System involved in the exchange of gases between the body and environment.

Digestive system

System that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

Urinary system

System that removes waste products from the blood and regulates fluid.

Reproductive system

System responsible for producing offspring and hormones.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissue structure.

Gigantism

Condition resulting from excessive growth hormone during childhood.

Acromegaly

Condition resulting from excess growth hormone in adults.