Computer Class and Exam 1 Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of computer components, software types, internet basics, and file management principles discussed in the lecture.

ALU

Stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit, a component of the CPU.

Control Unit (CU)

The component of the CPU that directs the operation of the processor.

Computer

A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces some form of output.

CPU

The Central Processing Unit, described as the brain of the computer and consist of a combination of the ALU and the CU.

Input Devices

Hardware used to put data into the computer.

Output Devices

Hardware used to display or produce information from the computer.

RAM

Random Access Memory; the location where things are currently being stored for active use.

ROM

Read Only Memory; a type of memory that cannot be written to or modified.

System Software

Programs designed for the computer, such as the Operating System (OS).

Application Software

Software designed to help people perform specific tasks.

HTML

The standard language used for creating web pages.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol, used for transferring files over a network.

Ping/Upload

The process of sending data from a local computer to a server.

Download

The process of receiving data from a server to a local computer.

Hyperlinks

Clickable elements that connect different web pages or resources.

Spiders

Automated programs used by search engines to crawl and index the web.

Boolean operators

Search terms such as AND, OR, and NOT used to refine search engine results.

Phishing

A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity.

Spam

Unsolicited or junk electronic mail.

ALL UPPERCASE

In electronic mail, this style of typing is equivalent to shouting.

GUI

Graphical User Interface; a visual way of interacting with a computer system.

Contiguous selection

Selecting a series of items in a sequence, typically using the Shift key.

Non-contiguous selection

Selecting multiple items that are not next to each other, typically using the Ctrl key.

Zip

To compress a file or folder to reduce its size.

Extract

To unzip or decompress a file to its original state.

File Extension

Suffixes at the end of a filename (such as .doc, .xls, .txt, .jpg, .mp3) that indicate the file type.

Volatile

A characteristic of memory (like RAM) where data is lost when the power is turned off.

Binary

The base-2 numbering system used by computers.

Bits

The smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a 0 or a 1.

Bytes

A unit of digital information typically consisting of 8 bits.

Open Source

Software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

Peripheral devices

External hardware components that are connected to a computer, such as printers or scanners.

Source code

The human-readable version of a computer program before it is compiled into object code.

Object code

The product of a compiler, consisting of machine-executable instructions.

ASCII

A standard character encoding scheme for electronic communication.