Kaarten: CHUKUS US (general) | Quizlet

4 July 1776

Date of the Declaration of Independence

5 March 1770

(date) Boston Massacre (redcoats vs locals who were teasing them -> shooting in which 5 people died)

9 April 1865

End of Civil War, General Lee (south) surrenders to General Grant (north)

22 November 1963

John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas by Lee Harvey

1619

(year) first American labourers as indentured servants (free people who contracted for five to seven years of servitude -> would be free after)

1620

(year) Pilgrims arrived in America (= protestants): separatists, on ship called the Mayflower

1630

(year) Puritans arrived in America: reformers, on ship called the Arabella

1680-1776

(...-...) First wave of immigration, colonial immigrants

1763

(year) the end of the Seven Years War against France (victory and more land but debt for England)

1781

Year of British surrender in Yorktown, Virginia.

1789

(year) George Washington becomes first president

1790

(year) first session of the Supreme Court

1820-1890

(...-...) the second wave of immigration, "old" immigrants -> people coming from Europe

1873

(year) first Wall Street Clash

1890-1930

(...-...) third wave of immigration, "new" immigrants from other parts of the world, millions of newcomers -> discussion: Is American a race?

1929

(year) huge Wall Street Crash -> beginning of The Great Depression

1960

year birth control pill approved in the US

1965

(year) Malcolm X assassinated

1965-now

(...-...) fourth wave of immigration, Latino and Asian immigrants

1969

year of Woodstock, biggest festival so far

1972-1976

The years of __________-________, the death penalty was illegal in the U.S.

1973

Year US pull out of Vietnam

1976

(year) executions of murderers in a "friendly way"

2016

Trump elected as president

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves

The American Dream

origin of term in 1931 from a book with the same title by James Truslow Adams, cultural longing of Americans -> became a popular saying

anti-federalists

against a federal authority, opposed new constitution, focus on the states

Anti-Vietnam War Movement

central political movement in the Sixties

April 1968

year Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray

Articles of Confederation

first attempt to agree (amongst states) on a balance of power between states and a national/ federal government

the Ballot or the Bullet

speech that malcolm x gave, supported violence in self defense, exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism "by any means necessary," including violence

Battle of Bunker Hill

16 June 1775, battle right outside Boston

Battle of Lexington Green

19 April 1775, first violent encounter between colonists and English army

Benjamin Franklin

cowrote the Declaration

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments added to the U.S. Constitution, insurance that new government would not influence these rights of men

Black Panter Party

1966, organised the black political anger

book accounts

there was very little paper money, no banks, no way of exchange, problem for trading society, credits and debts

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Charters

companies allowed to trade internationally when granted ...

civil law

A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights (damage, loss by someone else)

Civil Rights Movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens

Coercive Acts

1774 last effort by English to control the colonists: closed Boston harbour to all commmerce

common law

law functions through precedents, based on earlier cases

Constitutional Convention

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution, signed on 17 September

Corporation

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Counter Culture Movement

People who rejected mainstream American society in the 60s. Based on peace, love, and individual freedom

criminal law

a law that governs disputes between individuals, guilt, trial and punishment, crime against society)

the Critical Period

1781-1788, refers to years of disagreements between Americans about central government

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson, "all men are created equal"

Declaration of Independence

started by the articulation of a dream (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness), founding fathers dreamed of freedom

defamation

crime, someone telling lies about you, you can sue them, can start ... cases when unfairly accused of anything

delegated powers

federal/ national government/ powers

The Democratic Convention

1968, in Chicago, by the Yippies: brought a pig as candidate president and demanded he get the same treatment as a legitimate candidate

Diggers

activists in San Francisco (wanted to distribute free food, free medical care)

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

Eight Amendment

forbids cruel and unusual punishment -> banned the death penalty

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

electoral college vote

Americans vote indirectly for their presidents

The Emancipation Proclamation

1863, document by Lincoln to set all slaves free, are not seen as property anymore

face-to-face society

a very small society where people live in small social circles, everyone knows everyone, people know each other, interne social control and protection

Federalist Papers

collection of 85 letters/ essays published in newspapers (public debate), after proposal of new constitution, to persuade people of the constitution (by Jay, Hamilton, Madison)

federalists

people who realised you need a kind of federal authority

federal judges

judges nominated by the president, confirmed by the Senate (they can refuse)

federal judiciary

the federal court system, consisting of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts

First Amendment

5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

First Continental Congress

September 1774, representatives of the colonies gathered and decided to officially deny what the British parliament had to say and discontinue the slave trade

Fort Sumter

12 April 1861, First battle of the Civil War

friendship

social dimension of your life, linked to one another through relations, dependencies, no sense of structure in society, individual responsibilities, household management was the model

Fugitive Slave Act

1850, slaves are a property, so if you see one running away, catch 'it' and return 'it' -> acts designed to protect the southern slave owning rights to slaves

George Grenville

chancellor in 1763, looking at colonies was costing more than bringing in (13 colonies) -> to impose duties on the colonies to get money Sugar Act, Stamp Acts...

Gilded Age

the years after the Civil war until WWI (seemed blooming from the outside but unrest, poverty... on the inside)

grants-in-aid

money that the federal government is willing to donate to certain states, provided that they then will obey the demands of the federal government, you can get money from the government to build schools etc.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964, 2 military incidents between Americans and North Vietnamese vessels -> beginning of the war as a continuous conflict

Haight-Ashbury counter culture

name for counter culture movement -> refers to intersection of 2 streets where a lot of young hippies hung out

Haymarket Riot

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence

Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism, English Philosopher

Hollywood

centre of movie industry = dream factory

Homestead Act of 1862

(during second wave of immigration) every family head provided to work their land for at least 5 years (how cheap land was in America) -> made America more appealing to immigrants -> resistance to new immigrants

House of Representatives

Representation based on population, vulnerable to demographic changes, fixed on 435 seats to be shared amongst 50 states

husbandry

economy is a family-like business, to run the town in a fair way

Impeachment

to decide that the president may have done things that may lead him to be convicted (trial in Senate): vague in the Constitution

inauguration of John F. Kennedy

1960, ran against Nixon, reception of urgency of Civil Rights Movement

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War

John Winthrop

leader from England of the puritans of the Arabella -> minister who was going to be the first generation of colonists, settlers -> puritans to find the religious utopia

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Knights of Labor

the first national labor union; formed in 1869

Malcolm X

Black Muslim movement leader, more aggressive than Luther King

Martin Luther King

1929-1968., minster, Pivotal leader of the American Civil Rights movement. Non-violent leader, delivered "I have a Dream" speech.

Mime troupes

theatre playing satirical performances of politics for free

The Miranda Rights

certain rights of criminal suspects (by Supreme Court 1966), police has to read the rights of the criminal under the constitution e.g. the right to remain silent

Missouri Compromise

1820- Maine admitted as a free state and Missouri admitted as a slave state

My Lai Massacre

1968, more than 500 Vietnamese citizens killed by Americans

North

slave free, railways, manufacturing

Operation Chopper

January 1962; the first combat mission from the US in Vietnam -> Kennedy time (mess in Vietnam started on his watch)

Operation Rolling Thunder

1965, Sustained American bombing raids of North Vietnam. The nearly continuous air raids would go on for three years.

patronage

the social structure is a governing force of society, rich people were the wise people and were in charge, administrator, judges

Pentagon Papers

top secret reconstruction of the American political and military involvement in Vietnam starting in 1945 + revealed that America (on Nixon's watch) had expanded the conflict and secretly bombed Laos and Cambodia (without telling the public)

Pilgrims

separatists, religious people who fled Europe to never return (failed completely, died and did not really setlle)

popular vote

number of people that voted for you

proprietary wealth

to reinforce political dominance