psyc2000 lecture 2

what is classical conditioning

phenomenon wherevy a neutral sstimulis comes to elicit a new response because it has been paired with a stimulis that naturally elicits a response

what is the unconditional stimulis

The stimulus that elicits the response before conditioning occurs (food)

what is the unconditional response

An innate response that is elicited by the unconditional stimulus naturally (salivation)

what is the conditioned stimulis

An initially neutral stimulus that elicits the conditional response after it is paired with the unconditional stimulus (ring)

what is the conditioned response

The response that is elicited by the conditional stimulus after conditioning has taken place (salavation)

what is Appetitive Conditioning

he CS is paired with an appetitive event  US is something that is pleasant  Examples: water, food, positive social contact

what is aversive conditioning

The CS is paired with an aversive event  The US is something that is unpleasant  Examples: pain, unpleasant odours, social rejection

what is the supression ratio

 Generally, varies between 0 and 0.5 (lower numbers = more suppression)  0.5 = bar pressing during the CS is the same as the pre-CS period  0 = bar pressing during the CS has completely stopped (maximum fear)

what is goal tracking

Rats will approach a food cup if a food pellet is about to be delivered

what is Excitatory Conditioning

 CS predicts the US and develops the ability to elicit the CR  Called conditioned excitation  CSs known as conditioned excitors

what is inhibitory conditioning

CS predicts the absence of the US and inhibits the CR  Called conditioned inhibition  CSs known as conditioned inhibitors

what is differential inhibition

One CS is presented with the US (stimulus A/CS+) and another CS is not (stimulus B/CS-)  Stimulus B/CS- becomes a conditioned inhibitor. methods to produce conditioned inhibition

what is conditioned inhibition

One CS is presented with the US (stimulus A) on some trials but on other trials stimulus A is presented in a compound with another stimulus (stimulus B) and the compound (AB) is not paired with the US  Stimulus B becomes a conditioned inhibitor. methods to produce conditioned inhibition

what is the summation test

→ A proposed inhibitor is presented together with an excitor → A true inhibitor will inhibit the response made by the excitor.If the stimulus is not an inhibitor it may result in a little reduction but not much. it is a test to see. where the behaviour is not different for an inhibitor and an excitor

what is the retardation of aquisition test

If an inhibitor is paired with a US, conditional responding will develop very slowly  Compared to a novel stimulus which is not an inhibitor → Should be used in conjunction with the summation test  Lack of attention to a CS can also produce retardation of acquisitio

classical conditioning in everyday

helps us digest food, detect poisionous foods, defend our territory, reproduce

what is temporal contiguity

is the degree to which events occur together in time

what is Contingency

A predictive (or functional) relationship between two events, such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of another”

Delay conditioning

US is presented immediately after the CS (no gap in-between)

Trace conditioning

US is presented after the CS with a gap in-between

Simultaneous conditioning

CS and US are presented at the same time

Backward conditioning

US is presented before the CS